Elements and History of Western Music

3. the relative loudness or softness of music
6. a succession of single tones or pitches that are understood to be unified (together)
8. (1732-1809) Austrian composer of the classical period who taught Beethoven; wrote The Seasons
9. emphasis on a note (or beat) so that it is louder or longer
10. the production or arrangement of sound for the purpose of pleasing one's ears or expressing emotion
12. an unaccompanied vocal line of melody with no harmony sung by monks in the Middle Ages
14. (1770-1827) German composer and pianist who went deaf in his later years; marks the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic period
17. the pulse of a musical piece; a basic unit of length in musical time
18. (1678-1741) Italian composer who helped to create instrumental music
20. the rate of speed of the musical pulse
21. (1685-1759) German composer who wrote oratorios such as The Messiah

1. the purposeful shifting of the accented beat to before or after the place it is expected
2. the simultaneous use of different pitches
4. simultaneous combination of tones (normally three or more) that harmonize
5. (1685-1750) German composer who is often considered the greatest composer of all time; wrote the Brandenburg Concertos
7. the distance (and relationship) between two pitches
10. (1567-1743) Italian Catholic priest and composer who marked the transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music
11. the timing of music; the placement of sounds in time
12. the highness or lowness of a tone, determined by its frequency (rate of vibration)
13. the distance between the lowest and highest tones of a melody, a song, an instrument, or a voice
15. a series of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order
16. the quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another
19. (1756-1791) Austrian composer who was a child prodigy, writing his first piece at age 5 and first opera at 11