Energetics

3. Heat absorbed by the system; ΔH is negative.
5. A system that can exchange energy and matter with the surroundings.
9. The relationship between average kinetic energy and temperature.
10. The heat needed to increase the temperature of an object by 1 Kelvin.
12. The cycle of routes in enthalpy changes in a chemical reaction.
14. The enthalpy change for any chemical reaction is independent of the route, provided the staring and final conditions, reactants, and products are the same. (hint: I've left out the apostrophe)
16. Enthalpy change for complete combustion of one mole of a substance in its standard state in excess oxygen under standard conditions.
18. Heat given out by the system; ΔH is positive.

1. Energy associated with movement/motion.
2. The heat contents of a system.
3. Distribution of available energy among particles.
4. The energy needed to break one mole of a bond in a gaseous molecule averaged over similar compounds.
6. The heat needed to increase the unit mass of material by 1 Kelvin.
7. Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their standard states.
8. An energy cycle based on Hess's Law.
11. A system that can exchange energy and matter with the surroundings.
13. Change in the amount of heat contents of a system.
15. Catalytic effects of CFCs and nitrogen oxides causing the depletion of a protective layer of the atmosphere
17. The process of measuring the amount of heat released/absorbed during a chemical reaction.