Energy and Waves Review

4. A wave that needs matter to travel, like sound, water, or seismic waves.
8. When a wave bends as it passes from one material into another.
10. The energy of motion; in matter, it’s how fast the particles are moving.
12. A wave that moves through matter as vibrations that we can hear.
13. A reflected sound wave that returns to the listener.
14. The material that a wave travels through, like air, water, or glass.
15. When a gas cools down and changes back into a liquid.

1. The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight warming your skin.
2. A state of matter with no definite shape or volume; its particles move freely and spread out.
3. A measure of how fast the particles in a substance are moving on average.
5. When a liquid slowly changes into a gas at its surface as it gains heat.
6. A state of matter that has a definite shape and volume; its particles are packed tightly and vibrate in place.
7. The transfer of heat between substances that are touching; particles pass energy by bumping into each other.
9. A state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container; its particles move past one another but stay close together.
11. The transfer of heat through fluids (liquids or gases) when warmer areas rise and cooler areas sink, creating a cycle.