Energy Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 8. The boundary surrounding a black hole from which no light or matter can escape.
  2. 10. A powerful and luminous stellar explosion that occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star.
  3. 11. The genetic makeup of an organism.
  4. 12. A reaction that requires the absorption of heat to proceed.
  5. 14. Atomic structure, the periodic table, and chemical reactions.
  6. 16. The ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance to dissolve in a solvent.
  7. 21. A chemical bond formed through the electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions.
  8. 23. The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.
  9. 24. A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light.
  10. 25. The physical appearance or visible traits of an organism
  11. 26. An object that orbits a planet or star (can be natural like the Moon or artificial).
  12. 29. A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.
  13. 32. A large, reddish star late in its life cycle that has expanded and cooled.
  14. 34. A group of atoms bonded together.
  15. 36. A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction.
  16. 37. Gravity, the life cycle of stars, and the scale of the universe.
  17. 38. A giant cloud of dust and gas in space; often a "nursery" for new stars.
  18. 39. What stars like the Sun become after they have exhausted their nuclear fuel.
  19. 43. The fossil record, geologic time, and global climate change.
  20. 45. The process of determining an age on a specified chronology (often using Radiometric Dating).
  21. 51. The stage where a star spends most of its life, fusing hydrogen into helium.
  22. 52. The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
  23. 53. The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
  24. 55. The process by which humans use animal or plant breeding to selectively develop particular traits.
  25. 58. Structures Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but serve different functions.
  26. 59. The measure of the brightness of a star or other celestial body.
  27. 61. Determining the age of an object in comparison to another (e.g., "this layer is older than that layer").
  28. 62. In undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will be at the bottom of the sequence.
  29. 63. A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (creates gametes).
Down
  1. 1. The mass of an atom, roughly equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons.
  2. 2. A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus, carrying genetic information.
  3. 3. A tabular display of chemical elements organized by atomic number and properties.
  4. 4. Electromagnetic radiation left over from an early stage of the universe.
  5. 5. The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
  6. 6. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common.
  7. 7. A system of chronological dating that relates geological strata to time.
  8. 9. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
  9. 13. The formation of layers (strata) of sedimentary rock.
  10. 15. The displacement of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths in radiation from distant galaxies (evidence the universe is expanding).
  11. 17. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
  12. 18. Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its reactivity.
  13. 19. A measure of how acidic or basic a water-based solution is.
  14. 20. A scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between luminosity and temperature.
  15. 22. A long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional, and global climates.
  16. 27. A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
  17. 28. The process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere.
  18. 30. A component of the universe whose presence is discerned from its gravitational attraction rather than its luminosity.
  19. 31. The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
  20. 33. The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere.
  21. 35. A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variation in a population.
  22. 40. The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
  23. 41. The range of light frequencies (visible and invisible) used to study the composition of stars.
  24. 42. The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
  25. 44. A core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier.
  26. 46. Igneous rock formed when magma forces its way through existing rock layers.
  27. 47. A fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.
  28. 48. A specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait.
  29. 49. A gap in the geologic record where rock layers have been lost due to erosion.
  30. 50. The force that governs the motion of objects in the solar system and keeps planets in orbit.
  31. 54. A trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.
  32. 56. The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  33. 57. Different forms of a gene.
  34. 60. A supercontinent that included all current landmasses before breaking apart.