Environmental Systems Unit 2

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Across
  1. 2. a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, such as Earth
  2. 7. a process that increases the amount of nutrients in a body of water through human activities, such as waste disposal and land drainage
  3. 9. the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer
  4. 10. rocks that have been changed as a result of intense heat and/or pressure within the Earth's crust
  5. 12. a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms
  6. 13. the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat
  7. 14. the change of state from a liquid to a gas
  8. 15. a process in which the materials of Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity
  9. 18. the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans
  10. 22. the cyclic movement of phosphorus in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment
  11. 24. the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms
  12. 27. types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation
  13. 29. the region of the geosphere beneath the asthenosphere; it encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate than the asthenosphere
  14. 31. any form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface from the clouds; includes rain,snow, sleet, and hail
  15. 33. a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem
  16. 36. the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust
  17. 37. form when hot, molten rock (magma) crystallizes and solidifies
  18. 38. the part of Earth where life exists
Down
  1. 1. the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
  2. 2. the solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it
  3. 3. the layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation
  4. 4. in Earth science, the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core
  5. 5. the process in which nitrogen circulates among the air, soil, water, plants, and animals in an ecosystem
  6. 6. the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere
  7. 8. bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
  8. 11. the change of state from a gas to a liquid
  9. 16. one of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid; examples include producers and primary,secondary, and tertiary consumers
  10. 17. a series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust
  11. 19. the portion of Earth that is water
  12. 20. the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere; the coldest layer of the atmosphere
  13. 21. the transfer of energy in the form of heat or electricity from one atom to another within an object by direct contact
  14. 23. the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
  15. 25. the process by which plants, algae,and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide,and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
  16. 26. only 10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level; the other 90% is lost
  17. 28. a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle; also called lithospheric plate
  18. 30. the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases; the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist
  19. 32. the central part of the Earth below the mantle
  20. 34. the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back
  21. 35. the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle