Environmental Systems Unit 3

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Across
  1. 4. the use of certain organisms by humans to eliminate or control pests
  2. 7. all the bodies of fresh water, saltwater, ice, and snow that are found above the ground
  3. 8. a land-use plan that attempts to protect threatened or endangered species across a given area by allowing some tradeoffs between harm to the species and additional conservation commitments among cooperating parties
  4. 14. a law of economics that states that as the demand for a good or service increases, the value of the good or service also increases
  5. 16. widespread malnutrition and starvation in an area due to a shortage of food, usually caused by a catastrophic event
  6. 17. energy that does not come from fossil fuels and that is still in development
  7. 19. the raising of crops and livestock for food or for other products that are useful to humans
  8. 21. pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single specific site; an example is pollution that reaches a body of water from streets and storm sewers
  9. 23. the melting or fusing of ore in order to separate impurities from pure metal
  10. 25. a discarded solid material, such as garbage, refuse, or sludges
  11. 26. a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds; used widely as a fuel source
  12. 33. precipitation that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of the pollution of the atmosphere
  13. 35. the contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources
  14. 38. a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties
  15. 40. describes an area that contains a city
  16. 41. the illegal harvesting of fish, game, or other species
  17. 44. the accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain
  18. 46. energy from sources that are constantly being formed
  19. 51. a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater
  20. 53. the scientific assessment, study,and management of risk; a scientific estimation of the likelihood of negative effects that may result from exposure to a specific hazard
  21. 55. energy electrical energy produced by the flow of water
  22. 57. the process by which the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into two or more fragments; the process releases neutrons and energy
  23. 59. the depletion of vegetation due to the continuous feeding of too many animals
  24. 60. a poison used to destroy pests, such as insects, rodents, or weeds; examples include insecticides, rodenticides, and herbicides
  25. 63. pollution that comes from a specific site
  26. 64. the reestablishment and development of trees in a forest land
  27. 65. an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer
  28. 66. an area of land or an excavation where wastes are placed for permanent disposal
  29. 67. the process by which human activities or climatic changes make arid or semiarid areas more desertlike
  30. 68. the rapid spread of a city into adjoining suburbs and rural areas
  31. 69. a calculation that shows the productive area of Earth needed to support one person in a particular country
  32. 70. capable of being broken down by biological processes, such as the action of bacteria
  33. 71. the process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed
Down
  1. 1. any natural material that is used by humans, such as water, petroleum, minerals,forests, and animal
  2. 2. the surface layer of the soil, which is usually richer in organic matter than the subsoil is
  3. 3. an area in which the air temperature is generally higher than the temperature of surrounding rural areas
  4. 5. a mining method in which ore is extracted from beneath the ground surface
  5. 6. the basic facilities of a country or region, such as roads, bridges, and sewers
  6. 9. an increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas
  7. 10. the sinking of regions of the ground surface with little or no horizontal movement
  8. 11. deep-well disposal of hazardous waste
  9. 12. wastes that are a risk to the health of humans or other living organisms
  10. 13. waste produced by households and businesses
  11. 15. the process of clearing forests
  12. 18. plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used as an energy source
  13. 20. any change in the design, manu-facture, purchase, or use of materials or products to reduce their amount or toxicity before they become municipal solid waste; also the reuse of products or materials
  14. 22. a structure that is built across a river to control a river’s flow
  15. 24. the energy produced by heat within Earth
  16. 27. describes an area of open land that is often used for farming
  17. 28. the process of saving energy by reducing energy use and waste
  18. 29. the water that is beneath the Earth’s surface
  19. 30. the accumulation of salts in soil
  20. 31. contamination of water by waste matter or other material that is harmful to organisms that are exposed to the water
  21. 32. countries that have been identified by the United Nations as showing the fewest signs of development in terms of income,human resources, and economic diversification
  22. 34. he condition in which human needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely
  23. 36. oil deposits that are discovered and are in commercial production
  24. 37. the energy released by a fission or fusion reaction; the binding energy of the atomic nucleus
  25. 39. a liquid that has passed through solid waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended materials from that waste, such as pesticides in the soil
  26. 42. catching or removing from a population more organisms than the population can replace
  27. 43. the area of land that is drained by a water system
  28. 45. a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago;examples include oil, coal, and natural gas
  29. 47. the process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap; the process of reusing some items
  30. 48. a process of removing salt from ocean water
  31. 49. a mining method in which soil and rocks are removed to reach underlying coal or minerals
  32. 50. an artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam
  33. 52. the gathering of solar energy by collectors that are used to heat water or heat a building
  34. 54. water that contains wastes from homes or industry
  35. 56. a set of policies and activities related to potential uses of land that is put in place before an area is developed
  36. 58. a mineral that contains one or more elements of economic value
  37. 61. a disorder of nutrition that results when a person does not consume enough of each of the nutrients that are needed by the human body
  38. 62. a mixture of decomposing organic matter,such as manure and rotting plants, that is used as fertilizer and soil conditioner