epic psych

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Across
  1. 2. Learning by watching and imitating others' behavior.
  2. 8. The observed increase in average IQ scores over generations, likely due to various environmental factors.
  3. 9. A French psychologist who created the first intelligence test to identify students needing additional academic support.
  4. 10. A psychologist who proposed that a single general intelligence (g) underlies all cognitive abilities.
  5. 12. A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem, often guaranteed to produce a solution if followed correctly.
  6. 15. Higher-level cognitive processes that enable planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and self-regulation of behavior.
  7. 16. A region in the temporal lobe of the brain involved in language comprehension.
  8. 24. The process of integrating new information into existing schemas without changing the original framework.
  9. 26. The smallest unit of meaning in a language, such as a word or a prefix.
  10. 27. The set of rules that enables people to communicate, including syntax (sentence structure) and semantics (meaning).
  11. 29. Genetic information
  12. 30. Positive, constructive behaviors intended to benefit others.
  13. 31. Early speech stage where a child uses mostly nouns and verbs in a grammatically simplistic way (e.g., "Want cookie").
  14. 32. An individual's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity, which is thought to have a biological basis.
  15. 33. Demonstrating behavior that others can observe and imitate.
  16. 34. The ability to produce original and valuable ideas or solutions through imaginative thinking and problem-solving.
  17. 36. An intelligence test based on Binet's original test, adapted by Lewis Terman for use in the United States.
  18. 39. assesses if a test provides consistent results over repeated applications. For instance, if a person takes the test today and again in two weeks, the scores should be similar if intelligence has not changed.
  19. 41. Inject radioactive tracer to monitor brain metabolism--has functional insights and used for neurological disorders
  20. 46. The stage, around 24 months, when a child starts combining two words to form simple sentences.
  21. 48. The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next
  22. 49. The idea that language influences thought but does not entirely determine it.
  23. 52. Records electrical activity in the brain via electrodes places on the scalp--able to observe brain activity in seconds but provides limited spacial precision
  24. 54. Actions that are harmful, destructive, or violate social norms.
  25. 56. A deep emotional bond that connects one person to another, especially between a child and caregiver.
  26. 60. The process of altering existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information that does not fit existing frameworks.
  27. 62. Study of how much of our behavior is from genetics
  28. 65. A mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people, allowing for efficient organization and categorization of information.
  29. 66. The area/people/ideas that someone is surrounded by
  30. 68. Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizing how different environmental systems interact to influence human development.
  31. 70. Tracks blood flow to visualize brain activity in real time--great spacial resolution and shows specific areas of the brain
  32. 72. A type of thinking that generates multiple, creative solutions to a problem, emphasizing flexibility and originality.
  33. 74. Neurons that fire when performing an action or when observing someone else perform the same action.
  34. 75. A region in the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for speech production.
  35. 76. Region between the hindbrain and the forebrain; it is important for hearing and sight
  36. 77. The stage in infancy, around 4 months, when babies spontaneously produce nonsensical, repetitive sounds.
  37. 78. Noam Chomsky's theory that humans are born with an innate ability to understand the structure of language.
  38. 79. Belief that outcomes result largely from one's own efforts.
  39. 80. The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level
  40. 81. All of an organism's genetic material
Down
  1. 1. A sense of one's identity and personal worth, typically developing by age 12.
  2. 3. A sudden realization or understanding of a problem's solution, often occurring after a period of contemplation.
  3. 4. A mental shortcut or rule of thumb used to make quick judgments and decisions, often based on past experiences.
  4. 5. A bell-shaped curve that represents the distribution of scores, with most falling near the average.
  5. 6. Psychologist who studied observational learning and developed social cognitive theory.
  6. 7. The ability to produce words and express oneself through language.
  7. 11. The inclination to continue investing in a decision based on the cumulative prior investment (time, money, resources) rather than future benefits.
  8. 13. The hypothesis that language determines the way we think.
  9. 14. Where the spinal cord swells after entering the skull
  10. 17. Erik Erikson's idea that securely attached infants develop a sense of the world as predictable and trustworthy.
  11. 18. A mental image or best example of a category, serving as a reference point for identifying members of that category.
  12. 19. A score derived from standardized tests, intended to measure an individual's cognitive abilities.
  13. 20. The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning around 8 months of age.HarlowsMonkeyExperiment A study that demonstrated the importance of physical contact and comfort in attachment using baby monkeys and surrogate mothers.
  14. 21. Largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the limbic system, among other structures
  15. 22. Controls heartbeat and breathing--vital functions
  16. 23. The ability to regulate impulses, emotions, and behaviors to achieve long-term goals.
  17. 25. The smallest distinctive sound unit in a language.
  18. 28. Has high resolution pictures of brain from magnetic fields and radio waves--detects structural anomalies
  19. 35. The process of establishing norms and consistent procedures for administering a test.
  20. 37. An attachment style where a child shows anxiety or avoidance in their relationship with the caregiver.
  21. 38. A healthy attachment style where a child feels safe and confident exploring when the caregiver is present.
  22. 40. A language impairment caused by brain damage, affecting speaking, understanding, or both.
  23. 42. The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
  24. 43. The consistency of a test in measuring what it aims to measure over time.
  25. 44. The brain sensory control--receives all senses but smell and routes it to the higher brain
  26. 45. Observing someone else receive reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
  27. 47. Thurstone identified seven independent abilities (e.g., verbal comprehension, numerical ability) rather than a single general intelligence.
  28. 50. Measures magnetic fields produced by neural activity--better spacial tracking than EEG but more expensive and less used
  29. 51. Makes detailed images of brain structure--quick and effective for things like tumors but no functional information and it exposes the patient to radiation
  30. 53. A factor that Spearman believed contributes to all intellectual abilities, reflecting broad cognitive potential.
  31. 55. Division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
  32. 57. Mary Ainsworth's experimental procedure to assess attachment styles in infants by observing their reactions to separations and reunions with their caregiver.
  33. 58. The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of measuring psychological attributes, such as intelligence.
  34. 59. Cognitive frameworks or concepts that help organize and interpret information, influencing how new information is understood.
  35. 61. Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, enabling self-regulation and evaluation of learning strategies.
  36. 63. A statistical method used to identify clusters of related abilities or skills, often applied in intelligence research.
  37. 64. A process in which certain animals form strong attachments during a critical early period.
  38. 67. Is behavior derived from genetics or from environment?
  39. 69. structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
  40. 71. Chemical factors that determine traits
  41. 73. The level of intellectual functioning compared to the average performance of individuals in the same age group.