Equine Exercise Physiology Midterm Exam Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. Lactate accumulation can contribute to this.
  2. 6. Bone responds to applied loads in a process called ___________.
  3. 8. The functional unit of muscle contraction.
  4. 10. The energy-carrying molecule needed for contraction of skeletal muscle.
  5. 11. This organ contracts when horses exercise, releasing many red blood cells into circulation.
  6. 12. A response to training that increases delivery of oxygen to working muscle.
  7. 13. Reducing training intensity before a major competition.
  8. 14. Use of a heart rate __________ can help control workload during exercise.
  9. 15. Energy generation using these pathways is inefficient but fast.
  10. 17. Phase II of a conditioning program is also known as “__________ work”.
  11. 19. Transmit forces generated from the muscle to the bone to elicit movement.
  12. 20. This increases when horses begin to exercise.
  13. 21. Movement happens when horses convert chemical energy into ____________ energy.
  14. 22. Bone-forming cells.
  15. 23. Working on an ___________ can increase workload on a treadmill without increasing speed.
  16. 24. Type I fibers are known as “________ twitch” fibers.
  17. 26. A _____ horse will perform the same speed at a lower heart rate than an un____ horse.
  18. 27. Fermentation of forage in the hindgut yields these fatty acids, which can be used as a fuel source to convert into ATP.
  19. 29. The storage form of glucose found in the liver and skeletal muscle.
  20. 31. The bronchi and lungs are parts of the __________ respiratory tract.
  21. 32. Range of ambient temperatures within which the horse can maintain core temperature without having to expend energy to increase or decrease core temperature.
  22. 33. Muscle bundles made up of muscle fibers.
  23. 34. The energy pathway used when horses are walking.
  24. 36. The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath.
  25. 38. This usually takes longer to return to baseline after exercise than heart rate.
  26. 39. Volume of workload is a function of duration, frequency, and ________.
Down
  1. 1. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and this parameter.
  2. 2. When creating a conditioning program, you must make sure to provide for adequate ______.
  3. 4. This kind of training uses multiple exercise bouts separated by relatively short rest.
  4. 5. One of the four principles of a conditioning program.
  5. 7. Sweating and respiratory heat loss remove heat via ___________.
  6. 9. Horses can lose large amounts of this via sweating.
  7. 12. Putting a fan in front of a horse on a treadmill will help dissipate heat via ___________.
  8. 16. These vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
  9. 18. One reason we would perform a standardized exercise test would be to _______ fitness.
  10. 25. The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
  11. 28. A protein in skeletal muscle that binds to oxygen.
  12. 30. This protein helps reduce friction from tack and aid in cooling by laying down the hair coat.
  13. 35. The smallest blood vessels in the circulatory system, where gas exchanges happens.
  14. 37. During cantering or galloping, the horse takes one __________ per stride.