Equine Exercise Physiology Midterm Exam Crossword

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Across
  1. 7. A response to training that increases delivery of oxygen to working muscle.
  2. 8. Movement happens when horses convert chemical energy into ____________ energy.
  3. 9. When creating a conditioning program, you must make sure to provide for adequate ______.
  4. 12. Fermentation of forage in the hindgut yields these fatty acids, which can be used as a fuel source to convert into ATP.
  5. 15. The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
  6. 16. Energy generation using these pathways is inefficient but fast.
  7. 20. The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath.
  8. 21. The functional unit of muscle contraction.
  9. 22. During cantering or galloping, the horse takes one __________ per stride.
  10. 26. These vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
  11. 27. The smallest blood vessels in the circulatory system, where gas exchanges happens.
  12. 30. The bronchi and lungs are parts of the __________ respiratory tract.
  13. 32. This increases when horses begin to exercise.
  14. 34. Lactate accumulation can contribute to this.
  15. 36. This protein helps reduce friction from tack and aid in cooling by laying down the hair coat.
  16. 39. This organ contracts when horses exercise, releasing many red blood cells into circulation.
  17. 40. Range of ambient temperatures within which the horse can maintain core temperature without having to expend energy to increase or decrease core temperature.
Down
  1. 1. Bone responds to applied loads in a process called ___________.
  2. 2. Reducing training intensity before a major competition.
  3. 3. Working on an ___________ can increase workload on a treadmill without increasing speed.
  4. 4. Use of a heart rate __________ can help control workload during exercise.
  5. 5. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and this parameter.
  6. 6. A _____ horse will perform the same speed at a lower heart rate than an un____ horse.
  7. 10. Phase II of a conditioning program is also known as “__________ work”.
  8. 11. The storage form of glucose found in the liver and skeletal muscle.
  9. 13. Volume of workload is a function of duration, frequency, and ________.
  10. 14. Sweating and respiratory heat loss remove heat via ___________.
  11. 17. This usually takes longer to return to baseline after exercise than heart rate.
  12. 18. Type I fibers are known as “________ twitch” fibers.
  13. 19. Muscle bundles made up of muscle fibers.
  14. 23. One of the four principles of a conditioning program.
  15. 24. One reason we would perform a standardized exercise test would be to _______ fitness.
  16. 25. Horses can lose large amounts of this via sweating.
  17. 28. The energy pathway used when horses are walking.
  18. 29. Bone-forming cells.
  19. 31. Transmit forces generated from the muscle to the bone to elicit movement.
  20. 33. The energy-carrying molecule needed for contraction of skeletal muscle.
  21. 35. A protein in skeletal muscle that binds to oxygen.
  22. 37. This kind of training uses multiple exercise bouts separated by relatively short rest.
  23. 38. Putting a fan in front of a horse on a treadmill will help dissipate heat via ___________.