ESS Topic 4 Important Terminology

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Across
  1. 2. Large-scale ocean currents driven by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) differences.
  2. 3. The long-term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, or vegetation to mitigate climate change.
  3. 5. Rapid growth of algae due to nutrient overload, often harming aquatic ecosystems.
  4. 6. The highest harvest rate of a renewable resource (e.g., fish) without depleting it.
  5. 7. The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface through processes like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
  6. 8. A condition where water demand exceeds available supply or quality is inadequate.
  7. 9. Low levels of dissolved oxygen in water, causing dead zones.
  8. 11. A transitional layer in water where temperature changes rapidly with depth.
  9. 13. The lack of sufficient available water to meet demand.
  10. 14. The process of removing salt and minerals from seawater to produce freshwater.
  11. 17. The combined process of water evaporation from surfaces and transpiration from plants.
  12. 18. Excessive nutrient enrichment in water, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.
  13. 20. The downward movement of water through soil or rock layers.
  14. 21. Tiny plastic particles (<5mm) that pollute water and accumulate in food chains.
  15. 22. The farming of aquatic organisms like fish, shellfish, and plants.
  16. 23. A measure of the oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water.
Down
  1. 1. Designated ocean regions with restricted human activity to conserve ecosystems.
  2. 4. A scale assessing water quality based on the presence and abundance of pollution-sensitive species.
  3. 8. The total volume of freshwater used to produce goods and services consumed by an individual or group.
  4. 10. The decrease in ocean pH due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO₂.
  5. 12. The layering of water in oceans or lakes due to differences in temperature or salinity.
  6. 15. Reliable access to sufficient safe water for health, livelihoods, and ecosystems.
  7. 16. Organisms whose presence, absence, or health reflects environmental conditions.
  8. 19. The rising of cold, nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface, supporting marine life.