Evolution and Natural Selection

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Across
  1. 6. microscopic, single-celled organisms found almost everywhere, including inside and on our bodies, with most being harmless or even helpful, though a few cause disease.
  2. 10. the preserved remains, impressions, or traces of ancient organisms—such as bones, teeth, shells, footprints, or nests—found in geological deposits,
  3. 15. the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
  4. 18. small, simple, single-celled organisms from the domains Bacteria and Archaea that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
  5. 19. a type of genetic drift occurring when a small, non-representative group of individuals splits off from a larger population to establish a new colony
  6. 20. cycle a primary, rapid method of viral reproduction where a bacteriophage hijacks a host cell's machinery to replicate its genome and synthesize proteins, assembling new virions
Down
  1. 1. cells a complex type of cell characterized by having a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus that houses DNA, along with specialized, membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus
  2. 2. the evolutionary process by which a single ancestral population splits into two or more genetically distinct, reproductively isolated species
  3. 3. a biological process where two or more species reciprocally influence each other's evolution through close ecological interactions
  4. 4. a rapid, asexual reproduction process in which a single prokaryotic cell (bacteria/archaea) replicates its DNA and divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
  5. 5. the process by which humans breed plants or animals for specific, desirable traits, such as increased yield, disease resistance, or particular appearances
  6. 7. the transfer of genetic material (alleles) between separate populations, typically via migration or the movement of gametes (e.g., pollen)
  7. 8. a method of viral reproduction where the virus integrates its genome into the host cell's DNA, replicating without immediately killing the host
  8. 9. a mechanism of evolution involving random fluctuations in allele frequencies within a population over generations
  9. 11. the fact or process of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants becoming extinct.
  10. 12. a form of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits are more successful at obtaining mates and reproducing, even if those traits do not improve survival
  11. 13. reversible structural, or functional changes that cells undergo in response to environmental stimuli, stress, or injury, allowing them to survive and maintain a new, albeit altered, stable state.
  12. 14. reproduction a type of reproduction involving a single parent that produces genetically identical offspring (clones) without the fusion of gametes
  13. 16. one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
  14. 17. an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.