Evolution Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. process in which a liquid is heated to a temperature that kills most bacteria
  2. 6. substance that causes an allergic reaction
  3. 12. the splitting point between two branches on a phylogenetic tree or cladogram, representing a speciation event
  4. 14. Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
  5. 15. step by step approach to identify an organism using a series of paired descriptions
  6. 17. theory that proposes eukaryotic cells evolved through a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotes
  7. 19. extra structure/body part that is NOT needed by the organism EX: human appendix
  8. 20. evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants
  9. 21. a protein made in response to a specific antigen that can attach to the antigen and cause it to be useless
  10. 22. any inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to their environment and produce offspring
  11. 23. development of an organism between conception and birth
  12. 24. the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
  13. 25. form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
  14. 27. structures that have a different structural make up but have the same function. EX: bird's wing and butterfly's wing
  15. 30. a very small particle, containing DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein. It attaches to living cells, hijacking their organelles to make more viruses, often causing illness.
Down
  1. 1. occurs when natural selection favors ONE extreme variation in a trait EX: woodpeckers eating insects deep inside a tree, only woodpeckers with extremely Long beaks will be able to access food source
  2. 2. a pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species become increasingly distinct
  3. 3. individuals with either extreme of a trait are favored over average individuals
  4. 5. A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
  5. 7. theory that was proposed by Charles Darwin as an explanation for how change happens in a population over time
  6. 8. long lasting immunity that results when the body makes its own antibodies in response to a specific antigen
  7. 9. structures that are the same but have different functions in different species. EX: whale's fin and the human arm
  8. 10. immunity that results when antibodies produced in one animal are introduced into another's body; does not last as long as active immunity
  9. 11. a pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits, occurs when unrelated species occupy similar environments, because they face similar environmental pressures they develop similar adaptations
  10. 13. substance prepared from dead or weakened pathogens, or mRNA, then introduced into a body to produce immunity
  11. 16. disease-carrying organism, such as a rat, mosquito, or fly that spreads infectious diseases
  12. 18. natural selection that favors average individuals in a population. EX: Average size spiders more likely to survive than larger or smaller spiders. Large-->easily eaten by predators. Small-->cannot find food or compete for food with larger spiders
  13. 26. a protein ID tag on the outside of cells, often causing the production of antibodies
  14. 28. overly strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance
  15. 29. A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.