Exam 1 Review

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Across
  1. 1. The system in the innate immune response comprised of 20 different proteins that work together in order to defend against infection as well as signal immune cells for activation.
  2. 4. Cells that mature in the thymus and split into three categories: helper, killer, and regulatory.
  3. 5. Cells that bridge the signaling gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses.
  4. 6. When mature, these white blood cells can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Most commonly concentrated in the blood stream.
  5. 11. The layer of blood comprised of water, electrolytes, nutrients, and hormones.
  6. 13. These lymphocytes kill bacteria, virus-infected cells, parasites, and some cancer cells by use of secreting IFN-g along with perforin to instigate infected/damaged cell suicide. Operates on a balance of activating and inhibiting signals.
  7. 15. One of the three ways humans achieve adaptive immunity.
  8. 18. Proteins that detect pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to detect invaders/infections.
  9. 19. The group of lymphocytes comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, also known as the second arm of the innate immune system.
  10. 21. Nicknamed the "King of Interferons, these cells use TLR7 and TLR9 to detect both viral RNA and DNA.
Down
  1. 2. The origin stem cell of all innate immune cells.
  2. 3. Proteins that "present" antigens to T-cells and come in two classes, I and II.
  3. 7. The state in which a macrophage receives signals such as mannose and LPS to stop proliferation, increase growth and rate of phagocytosis, and secrete TNF.
  4. 8. The system of the body that drains fluid from the cardiovascular system and houses T and B cells.
  5. 9. Glycolipids commonly found on the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria and is commonly referred to as endotoxins
  6. 10. Considered the "smart bomb" pathway of the innate immune response, and specifically targets mannose and other carbohydrates on the surfaces of common pathogens.
  7. 12. The system specifically designed to combat viruses.
  8. 14. The origin site of all red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
  9. 16. Macrophages first line of support and the most abundant white blood cell.
  10. 17. Immune response mechanism characterized by redness, pain, and heat.
  11. 20. The mechanism by which macrophages digest and eliminate debris and foreign microbes.