Exam 1 Review
Across
- 1. The system in the innate immune response comprised of 20 different proteins that work together in order to defend against infection as well as signal immune cells for activation.
- 4. Cells that mature in the thymus and split into three categories: helper, killer, and regulatory.
- 5. Cells that bridge the signaling gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses.
- 6. When mature, these white blood cells can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Most commonly concentrated in the blood stream.
- 11. The layer of blood comprised of water, electrolytes, nutrients, and hormones.
- 13. These lymphocytes kill bacteria, virus-infected cells, parasites, and some cancer cells by use of secreting IFN-g along with perforin to instigate infected/damaged cell suicide. Operates on a balance of activating and inhibiting signals.
- 15. One of the three ways humans achieve adaptive immunity.
- 18. Proteins that detect pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to detect invaders/infections.
- 19. The group of lymphocytes comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, also known as the second arm of the innate immune system.
- 21. Nicknamed the "King of Interferons, these cells use TLR7 and TLR9 to detect both viral RNA and DNA.
Down
- 2. The origin stem cell of all innate immune cells.
- 3. Proteins that "present" antigens to T-cells and come in two classes, I and II.
- 7. The state in which a macrophage receives signals such as mannose and LPS to stop proliferation, increase growth and rate of phagocytosis, and secrete TNF.
- 8. The system of the body that drains fluid from the cardiovascular system and houses T and B cells.
- 9. Glycolipids commonly found on the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria and is commonly referred to as endotoxins
- 10. Considered the "smart bomb" pathway of the innate immune response, and specifically targets mannose and other carbohydrates on the surfaces of common pathogens.
- 12. The system specifically designed to combat viruses.
- 14. The origin site of all red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
- 16. Macrophages first line of support and the most abundant white blood cell.
- 17. Immune response mechanism characterized by redness, pain, and heat.
- 20. The mechanism by which macrophages digest and eliminate debris and foreign microbes.