Exam 2 Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. A period of suspended growth and metabolism that allows survival under unfavorable conditions.
  2. 5. A cluster or arrangement of flowers on a plant’s stem.
  3. 7. A plant hormone that stimulates stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
  4. 9. A plant hormone that promotes cell division and delays leaf senescence.
  5. 10. A plant pigment protein that detects red and far-red light to regulate growth and development.
  6. 12. A blue-light receptor protein that mediates phototropism and other light-dependent responses.
  7. 16. The suppression of lateral bud growth by the actively growing shoot tip, mediated by auxin.
  8. 17. The haploid, gamete-producing phase in a plant’s life cycle that develops from a spore.
  9. 19. A structure that anchors the plant embryo and helps transfer nutrients from surrounding tissues.
  10. 25. A process in flowering plants where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote and another fuses with two polar nuclei to form endosperm.
  11. 26. A light-sensitive protein that allows organisms to detect and respond to light signals.
  12. 27. Growth of a plant organ toward or away from a light source.
  13. 28. The tip or top region of a plant organ, often where growth or differentiation begins.
  14. 29. Refers to movement of water and solutes through cell walls and intercellular spaces, outside cell membranes.
  15. 30. The stem region of a seedling located between the cotyledons and the root.
  16. 32. A specialized cell layer where leaves, flowers, or fruits detach from the plant.
  17. 33. A large spore that develops into a female gametophyte in seed plants.
  18. 34. A reversible resting condition in which metabolic activity is minimal but the cell or organism remains viable.
  19. 35. The growth phase of a plant focused on producing leaves, stems, and roots before flowering.
Down
  1. 1. An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups to target molecules, often regulating their activity.
  2. 3. A small regulatory protein that tags other proteins for degradation or signaling.
  3. 4. The process by which a dark-grown plant develops normal coloration and growth when exposed to light.
  4. 6. The light-absorbing portion of a molecule responsible for its color and light sensitivity.
  5. 8. The young, developing plant within a seed formed after fertilization.
  6. 11. A blue-light photoreceptor involved in regulating circadian rhythms and seedling development.
  7. 13. Refers to movement of substances from cell to cell through cytoplasmic connections called plasmodesmata.
  8. 14. A small spore that develops into a male gametophyte (pollen grain) in seed plants.
  9. 15. The bottom or base region of a plant organ, connecting it to the rest of the plant.
  10. 18. A plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, apical dominance, and root formation.
  11. 20. Undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce specialized cell types or more stem cells.
  12. 21. The diploid, spore-producing phase in a plant’s life cycle that develops from the fertilized egg.
  13. 22. Describes a plant grown in darkness, characterized by pale color and elongated, weak stems.
  14. 23. A gaseous plant hormone that regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and stress responses.
  15. 24. The seed leaf in an embryo that stores or absorbs nutrients for germination.
  16. 31. A region of undifferentiated plant cells capable of continuous growth and division.