Exam 2 Review A

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Across
  1. 2. biological catalyst used to speed up chemical reactions by lowing activation energy
  2. 7. Site of photosynthesis; organelle where electrons and energy are put into CO2 to yield sugars
  3. 9. The powerhouse of the cell; organelle where sugar and oxygen are consumed to generate energy in the form of ATP
  4. 11. any reaction that requires energy
  5. 13. energy of the university is constant; ______ Law of Thermodynamics
  6. 17. Vesicle of enzymes that break down biomolecules and convert toxic H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) into water
  7. 21. the energy required in order to “activate” the chemical reaction
  8. 23. any reaction that requires the input of energy
  9. 24. degree of disorder; unusable thermal (heat) energy
  10. 26. Vesicle of digestive enzymes used to break down pathogens, toxins, or old/broken molecules
  11. 29. jelly-like fluid containing cytosol, water, salts, organic molecules, and organelles
  12. 30. Rigid structure outside the cell membrane that provides support and protection; absent in animal cells
  13. 31. any reaction that releases energy
Down
  1. 1. Membranous “bubbles” that store or carry materials around the cell
  2. 3. ________ Inhibitors bind to somewhere else on an enzyme to reduce its efficiency
  3. 4. ________ Inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, blocking the substrate
  4. 5. the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
  5. 6. every energy transfer increases the entropy in the universe; during every energy transfer some is lost in the form of heat; ______ Law of Thermodynamics
  6. 8. Site of protein synthesis that is present in all cells; where RNA sequences are translated to produce the corresponding sequence of amino acids (proteins)
  7. 10. building up a molecule which requires energy
  8. 12. Free energy available to your system/chemical reaction
  9. 14. breaking down a molecule to release energy
  10. 15. ______ apparatus is complex of flattened sacs and associated vesicles that function in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids
  11. 16. net of protein fibers throughout the cell that support the membrane, serve as highways for vesicles and proteins, and generally hold everything in place
  12. 18. theory that ancient Mitochondria and Chloroplast ancestors were once free-living bacteria, but evolved to live solely within eukaryotic cells
  13. 19. storage organelle to hold water and other materials; In plant cells, it is much larger and helps maintain structure and internal pressure
  14. 20. any reaction that occurs without the input of energy
  15. 22. Double-membrane enclosed organelle in exclusive to eukaryotes that contains chromosomes, replicates and transcribes DNA and RNA, and synthesizes ribosomes
  16. 25. Phospholipid bilayer that separates a cell from its environment
  17. 27. reactant that the enzyme acts on
  18. 28. ___________ reticulum is a network of membrane-enclosed sacs that manufacture, process, and transport proteins and lipids and detoxifies molecules