Exam 2 Review B

2. every energy transfer increases the entropy in the universe; ______ Law of Thermodynamics
5. main photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light energy; reflects green wavelengths
9. Large organelle where many proteins, lipids, and other molecules are synthesized; Rough ER mainly makes proteins, Smooth ER mainly makes lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium
11. H+ is pumped back into mitochondria matrix which drives ATP production
13. Site of protein synthesis in all cells
17. Phospholipid bilayer that separates cells and organelles from their surroundings
18. energy of the university is constant; ______ Law of Thermodynamics
21. pores on leaves where gas exchange occurs
22. accessory pigments that absorb excess light to protect chlorophyll from damage

1. carries two different molecules or ions in different directions across the membrane
3. natural tendency of molecules to flow from High concentrations to lower concentrations
4. high concentration of of solutes inside the cell, causing the cell to take in water
6. Efficient method to yield lots of ATP using the ETC and chemiosmosis; __________ Phosphorylation
7. carries one molecule or ion across the membrane
8. biological catalyst used to speed up chemical reactions by lowing activation energy
10. carries two different molecules or ions in the same direction across the membrane
11. net of protein fibers throughout the cell to hold everything in place
12. uneven distribution or concentration of a molecule, chemical, energy, etc
14. The _____ apparatus “tags” biomolecules, put finishing touches on, packages, and sends products out in transport vesicles
15. reactant that the enzyme acts on
16. any reaction that releases energy
19. As electrons move across the Electron Transport Chain (___), H+ flows across the mitochondria’s cell membrane
20. Contains all of the cell’s genes and directs what products the cell makes