Exam 2 Review C

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Across
  1. 5. organelle that consume carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to synthesize organic molecules (sugar)
  2. 7. _______ cycle “fixes carbon” by incorporating CO2 into organic materials; synthesizes simple sugars using CO2, ATP, and electrons
  3. 9. All food molecules must be converted into ________ to enter the Krebs Cycle
  4. 10. _______ processes occur without the input of energy
  5. 12. membrane protein that can “open and close” allowing molecules to flow in or out
  6. 14. modify the active site of the enzyme to increase its affinity for the substrate
  7. 15. ___ refers to an enzyme slightly altering its active site to optimize its affinity for its substrate
  8. 17. powerhouse of the cell; consumes oxygen and sugar to produce ATP (energy)
  9. 19. _____ Cycle that extracts as much energy and electrons as possible, releasing CO2
  10. 20. disorder; unusable thermal energy
  11. 22. equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell
  12. 23. the initial energy requirement that must be overcome for any chemical reaction
  13. 24. the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
Down
  1. 1. the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules
  2. 2. jelly-like fluid containing cytosol, water, salts, organic molecules, and organelles
  3. 3. any reaction that requires energy
  4. 4. storage organelle to hold water and other materials; much larger in plant cells as it must regulate water content in the cell
  5. 5. membrane proteins that bind a substrate and “carry it” across the membrane
  6. 6. glucose in split into two molecules of ______ during glycolysis
  7. 7. web of microtubules, filaments, and microfilaments that support the cell membrane and hold organelles in place
  8. 8. particles of light
  9. 11. ______ transport requires energy to move molecules across the membrane
  10. 13. In ______ Reactions, water is split and the electrons are excited from sunlight, producing ATP and high-energy electrons in stored in NADPH
  11. 16. lipid molecule with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails; make up the bilayer of the cell membrane
  12. 18. proteins span or sit atop the plasma membrane and have a variety of functions
  13. 21. substance that absorb visible light, reflecting colors it cannot absorb