Exam 3

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Across
  1. 3. Sites where B and T lymphocytes are generated and become mature. In the human, the red bone marrow and the thymus are primary lymphatic organs.
  2. 4. Body's ability to respond to multiple foreign substances
  3. 12. A layer of the lymph node internal to the cortex; houses T cells.
  4. 14. A liquid connective tissue consisting of blood cells suspended in plasma.
  5. 17. A system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for development of immune cells and immune reactions. It includes the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
  6. 18. Incomplete or partial antigen
  7. 20. Chemical class of proteins to which antibodies belong
  8. 24. The process by which the various types of blood cells are formed, such as in the bone marrow.
  9. 26. Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.
  10. 28. Bacterial toxins that are potent stimuli for T cells
  11. 29. Any immunity that arises naturally in an organism via previous experience with the antigen.
  12. 32. Molecular group of antigens that defines its specificity & triggers immune response
  13. 34. The rapid rise in antibody titer following a repeat exposure to an antigen that has been recognized from a previous exposure. This response is brought about by memory cells produced as a result of the primary exposure.
  14. 36. Patches of lymphatic tissue containing B and T cells that underlie the surface of many skin surfaces in the body.
  15. 39. Substance that can induce sensitivity OR resistance after processing of immune system
  16. 40. Molecules on the surfaces of many types of microbes that are not present on host cells that mark the microbes as foreign.
  17. 41. In immunochemistry, a measure of antibody level in a patient, determined by agglutination methods.
  18. 45. Specific resistance that is acquired indirectly by donation of preformed immune substances (antibodies) produced in the body of another individual.
  19. 47. Require antigen presented with MHC
  20. 48. Selective elimination of lymphocytes that would recognize self markers
  21. 49. Pluripotent, undifferentiated cells.
  22. 50. Antigen that's present in some but not all members of same species
  23. 51. Oblong lymphoid aggregates of the gut located chiefly in the wall of the terminal and small intestine. Along with the tonsils and appendix, Peyer’s patches make up the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that responds to local invasion by infectious agents.
Down
  1. 1. The aggregation by antibodies of suspended cells or similar-size particles (agglutinogens) into clumps that settle.
  2. 2. an overwhelming release of cytokines that can cause severe inflammation.
  3. 5. Genes in mammals that produce molecules on surfaces of cells
  4. 6. Immunity that is induced as a medical intervention, either by exposing an individual to an antigen or administering immune substances to them.
  5. 7. Globulin fraction of serum that neutralizes a specific toxin. Also refers to the specific antitoxin antibody itself.
  6. 8. A hazardous, outmoded process of deliberately introducing smallpox material scraped from a victim into the nonimmune subject in the hope of inducing resistance.
  7. 9. Cellular components of the blood consisting of red blood cells, primarily responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and white blood cells, primarily responsible for host defense and immune reactions.
  8. 10. The first response of the immune system when exposed to an antigen.
  9. 11. Butterfly-shaped organ near the tip of the sternum that is the site of T-cell maturation.
  10. 13. The process of stimulating phagocytosis by affixing molecules (opsonins such as antibodies and complement) to the surfaces of foreign cells or particles.
  11. 15. Patches of lymphatic tissue containing B and T cells that underlie the surface of most mucosal surfaces in the body.
  12. 16. Term for the spaces between cells and the fluid they contain.
  13. 19. In immunology, a chemical vehicle that enhances antigenicity, presumably by prolonging antigen retention at the injection site.
  14. 21. Originally used in reference to inoculation with the cowpox or vaccinia virus to protect against smallpox. In general, the term now pertains to injection of whole microbes (killed or attenuated), toxoids, or parts of microbes as a prevention or cure for disease.
  15. 22. Tissue locations where T and B lymphocytes perform their actions. Examples are lymph nodes, MALT, SALT.
  16. 23. Conceptual explanation for development of lymphocyte specificity and variety during immune maturation
  17. 25. In immunology, an augmented response or memory related to a prior stimulation of the immune system by antigen. It boosts the levels of immune substances.
  18. 27. The clear yellow early product of breast milk that is very high in secretory antibodies. Provides passive intestinal protection.
  19. 30. Cells of the immune system that digest foreign cells and particles and place pieces of them on their own surfaces in such a way that other cells of the immune system recognize them.
  20. 31. Subunit vaccines combined with carrier proteins, often from other microbes, to make them more immunogenic.
  21. 33. Any trait or factor of a cell, virus, or molecule that makes it distinct and recognizable; example: a genetic marker.
  22. 35. The carrier fluid element of blood.
  23. 37. Anatomical portion of a lymph node where B cells reside.
  24. 38. The process of combining an acid and a base until they reach a balanced proportion, with a pH value close to 7.
  25. 42. A collection of monocytes and macrophages scattered throughout the extracellular spaces that function to engulf and degrade foreign molecules.
  26. 43. the outer rim of a lymph node.
  27. 44. A collection of lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal tract that includes the appendix, the lacteals, and Peyer’s patches.
  28. 46. A ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx that acts as a repository for lymphocytes.
  29. 52. Molecules on the surface of host defense cells that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes.