Exam 3- Biology

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Across
  1. 1. where homologous pairs align at the cell metaphase plate, and prepare to separate to opposite poles
  2. 7. the equal division producing two identical cells from a parent cell
  3. 8. an organism's genetic makeup for a particular trait
  4. 10. the process of crossing two different strains or species to produce offspring that exhibit traits from both parent organisms, resulting in increased genetic diversity
  5. 13. cell division that reduces the chromosomes number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse haploid cells, and is essential for sexual reproduction
  6. 16. where separated chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear membrane begins to reform around each set of chromosomes, and the cell prepares to divide through cytokinesis
  7. 20. shallow groove inside the cell surface near the old metaphase plate, which deepens as the cell divides into two
  8. 22. when two gametes meet, then restore the diploid, or 2n number of chromosomes per cell
  9. 23. breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygotes
  10. 24. homologous chromosomes pair up, exchange genetic material through crossing over, and condense into visible structures
  11. 25. where the cell prepares for division by growing, replicating its DNA, and carrying out normal cellular functions, consisting of 3 sub-phases G1, S, G2
Down
  1. 2. different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome, influencing the traits or characteristics of an organism
  2. 3. organism that consistently produces offspring with a specific phenotype or trait when self-fertilized or crossed with another true breeder of the same phenotype
  3. 4. homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell with receive one chromosome from each pair
  4. 5. the phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene in the second locus
  5. 6. process during meiosis where different pairs of chromosomes are distributed to gametes independently of one another, resulting in genetic variation
  6. 9. the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation in gametes
  7. 11. division of the cytoplasm to two genetically-identical cells
  8. 12. an organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a particular trait
  9. 14. division of genetic material to produce two genetically different cells
  10. 15. an organism's observable appearance particular trait
  11. 17. visual representation of an individual complete set of chromosomes, arranged and classified by size, shape, and number, used to identify chromosomal abnormalitiepistasisropy a gene that can have multiple phenotypic effects
  12. 18. an organism that has a pair of 2 different alleles for a particular trait
  13. 19. a gene that can have multiple phenotypic effects
  14. 21. are the reproductive cell that transmits genes from one generation to the next