Exam 3 Review - Immunology

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Across
  1. 2. killer t cells, kill virus-infected or cancer cells
  2. 5. the term given to explain that multiple cytokines exert the same effect
  3. 6. the toll like receptor that recognizes peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, especially in gram positives
  4. 7. person is vaccinated and has to make their own antibodies but is never truly infected with that disease
  5. 11. helper T cells, help other effector cells
  6. 15. smaller, specific peptides/molecules; activate the adaptive response
  7. 17. release granules that induce inflammation, aid in wound healing
  8. 18. immunity where a person gets infected and has to make their own antibodies
  9. 20. acidic pH, lysozymes, plasma proteins, lactoferrin, and antimicrobial peptides are all examples of what type of barrier
  10. 21. the toll like receptor that recognizes intracellular viral RNA, also recognized by TLR7 and TLR8
  11. 24. can phagocytose materials, release toxic granules to kill helminths
  12. 25. most abundant leukocyte, first responder, phagocytoses pathogens
  13. 28. the toll like receptor that recognizes lipopolysaccharide
  14. 31. phagocytosis, critical communicator with the adaptive system
  15. 32. autosomal recessive mutation with a severe defect in a lysosomal trafficking gene; produces large, non-functional granules; poor phagocytosis and killing of pathogens
  16. 38. cells eliminate the pathogen directly
  17. 40. skin, mucus layer, cilia, and normal flora are all examples of what type of barrier
  18. 41. the arm of the immune system that is more specific and evolved
  19. 42. person is injected with pure antibodies as a treatment
  20. 43. large, general molecules recognized by the innate response
Down
  1. 1. rare autosomal recessive disorder where neutrophils can't attach to or engage other cells
  2. 2. small molecules that regulate chemotaxis
  3. 3. promotes inflammation, activation of T cells
  4. 4. regulate proliferation and differentiation of leukocyte precursors
  5. 8. the pathway where low levels of C3b are naturally circulating in blood, and can bind to pathogens and cells; C3b forms alternative C3 convertase and activates more C3 via positive feedback
  6. 9. caused by mutations that affect granulocyte hematopoiesis and cell maturation, resulting in low neutrophil numbers in the blood
  7. 10. antibody-mediated, generated by B cells
  8. 12. disease can be caused by x-linked or autosomal recessive mutations, mutations in phagocyte NADPH oxidase genes, patient is not able to form a respiratory burst and have granuloma formation that protects the microbe
  9. 13. can kill virus-infected or cancer cells by inducing apoptosis
  10. 14. immunity where antibodies are directly transferred to a person (i.e. placenta or breast milk transfer)
  11. 16. a short, specific amino acid (or other molecular) sequence from an antigen
  12. 19. the toll like receptor that recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs
  13. 22. small, soluble proteins secreted by cells to communicate to nearby cells
  14. 23. labeling pathogens with proteins to mark them for destruction
  15. 26. type of immunodeficiency where genetic mutations affect the immune system; present at birth and may be life threatening
  16. 27. phagocytose foreign materials, talks to adaptive system
  17. 29. the toll like receptor that recognizes flagellin
  18. 30. the term given to explain that each cytokine has multiple functions
  19. 33. the pathway where antibodies recognize and bind the bacterial cell surface and activate C3
  20. 34. the arm of the immune system that is always on and responds to infections immediately
  21. 35. phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes
  22. 36. anti-viral signals; regulate innate immune components and cells
  23. 37. type of immunodeficiency that develops later in life (i.e. drugs, infection, diseases)
  24. 39. the pathway where the serum protein mannose-binding lectin can bind sugars on pathogens, MBL associated proteases then cleave and activate C2 and C4, thus activating C3