Facts and Terms Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. Amendment Bans poll taxes in federal elections.
  2. 3. Amendment Gives women the right to vote.
  3. 4. Being forced to testify against yourself; the 5th Amendment protects against this (“plead the Fifth”).
  4. 7. v. United States (1944) Upheld Japanese American internment during WWII as a wartime necessity.
  5. 8. Exercise Clause Protects individuals’ right to practice their religion freely.
  6. 12. v. New York (1925) First case to apply the Bill of Rights to the states through incorporation; protected speech.
  7. 13. A specific numerical requirement (e.g., hiring X% of a group); often ruled unconstitutional.
  8. 16. v. Board of Education (1954) Overturned Plessy; ruled that segregated schools are inherently unequal.
  9. 17. Action Policies that encourage or require efforts to increase opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.
  10. 18. Liberties Freedoms the government cannot take away — such as speech, religion, and privacy — mostly protected by the Bill of Rights.
  11. 21. Rule Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court.
  12. 22. Tax A fee required to vote; used to suppress Black voters before being banned.
  13. 23. Speech Nonverbal expression (e.g., flag burning, armbands) protected as speech.
  14. 26. v. Ferguson (1896) Upheld “separate but equal” racial segregation.
  15. 27. Speech or material lacking serious value and considered offensive; not protected by the First Amendment.
  16. 29. Harassment Unwelcome sexual conduct that creates a hostile or abusive environment.
  17. 30. Rights Protections against discrimination based on characteristics like race, gender, or disability; ensure equal treatment under the law.
  18. 31. Bargaining Agreement where a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge to avoid a trial.
  19. 33. Protection Clause Part of the 14th Amendment; requires states to treat people equally under the law.
  20. 34. and Unusual Punishment Punishment that is excessive or barbaric; banned by the 8th Amendment.
Down
  1. 1. Clause Government cannot establish or favor a religion.
  2. 3. Amendment Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.
  3. 4. The right to vote.
  4. 5. v. Reed (1971) First Supreme Court case to strike down a law for gender discrimination.
  5. 6. Amendment Prohibits denying the right to vote based on race.
  6. 9. to Privacy Not explicitly stated in the Constitution but inferred from several amendments; protects personal autonomy (e.g., contraception, marriage).
  7. 10. Amendment Guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law.
  8. 11. Rights Act of 1965 Banned racial discrimination in voting and enforced the 15th Amendment.
  9. 14. with Disabilities Act (ADA) Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public accommodations, and more.
  10. 15. Process Clause Part of the 5th and 14th Amendments; requires the government to follow fair procedures before taking life, liberty, or property.
  11. 16. of Rights The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution that protect individual liberties from government interference.
  12. 19. Doctrine The process by which the Supreme Court applied the Bill of Rights to the states using the 14th Amendment.
  13. 20. Restraint Government action that prevents speech before it occurs; usually unconstitutional.
  14. 23. v. Sandford (Dred Scott, 1857) Ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and had no rights; increased tensions before the Civil War.
  15. 24. Speech Advertising; protected but can be regulated more than other speech.
  16. 25. Amendment Protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
  17. 28. Worth The idea that jobs requiring similar skills and responsibility should receive equal pay, even if the jobs are different.
  18. 32. Written false statements that damage someone’s reputation.