Fall Semester Exam

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Across
  1. 1. intense heat from Earth's core and intense pressure of all of the layers of rock on top of it causes metamorphosis
  2. 3. wind and water naturally breaks up rocks into smaller pieces over geologic time
  3. 5. factor(s) that are affected by the independent variable; measurable (data)
  4. 8. the way the mineral reflects light; metallic or nonmetallic
  5. 9. when lava or magma loses heat and cools into igneous rocks
  6. 12. the series of natural processes that change one form of rock into another
  7. 14. factor changed by the experimenter to test the hypothesis
  8. 15. rock layers compact or squeeze rocks together, minerals react by gluing together particles
  9. 21. the color a mineral appears to the eye; the least reliable identification property
  10. 22. a substance that is not alive, was never alive, and was not made through a life process of a living thing
  11. 23. a testable prediction about what you think will happen in an experiment and why
  12. 24. an educated guess or explanation you make based on your observations
  13. 26. atoms must occur in specific ratios; has a chemical formula
  14. 28. formed from sediments that have been compacted and cemented together; the processes that recycle Earth's materials
  15. 29. a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms.
  16. 30. any substance that occurs naturally inside or on the Earth (no human intervention)
Down
  1. 2. a crystal structure; atoms arranged in a repeating, orderly pattern
  2. 4. formed from cooled magma in the earth or cooled lava directly from volcanoes
  3. 6. observations made based on sensory descriptions
  4. 7. a substance that has a fixed volume and shape; not gas or liquid
  5. 10. when a mineral breaks randomly
  6. 11. when a mineral breaks in a predictable way, looks like it has been cut
  7. 13. when the intense heat of Earth's interior melts rocks
  8. 14. rocks that from from cooled magma within the Earth; cool slowly so they form bigger crystals
  9. 16. formed from igneous, sedimentary, and even other metamorphic rocks that have been heated up and put under a lot of pressure
  10. 17. factor(s) that are kept the same throughout an experiment so they do not influence the results.Factor(s) that are kept the same throughout an experiment so they do not influence the results.
  11. 18. the color of the mineral in powdered form
  12. 19. fragments of rock like sand or silt
  13. 20. numerical observations through measurement
  14. 25. Geologists use the objects with known hardness to scratch against unknown minerals in order to determine their hardness from 1-10
  15. 27. rocks that form from cooled lava on Earth's surface; cool quickly so they form little to no crystals
  16. 31. a rock is a naturally occurring solid mass that may contain one or more minerals, with or without the addition of organic matter.