Final Exam Review

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Across
  1. 4. Besides lacking tissue, these plants also lack wood, roots and flowers. This group of plants includes mosses, hornworts, liverworts and some algae. They are small plants and struggle to grow taller than a few centimeters.
  2. 6. Any plant that produces flowers, fruit, and seeds. They are the most advanced, diverse and abundant group of plants.
  3. 9. These plants have foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season.
  4. 11. These are small arthropods with 2 body sections and 4 pairs of legs (8 legs total). Body regions are the cephalothorax (head and thorax combined) and abdomen. They do not have wings or antennae.
  5. 13. A type of farming that excludes the use of synthetic pesticides, medicines, fertilizers, and GMOs.
  6. 14. These are the primary sites for photosynthesis, where plants produce sugars using sunlight.
  7. 16. These plants are planted in one year, grow through the year then flower during the next year. They germinate, grow leaves and stems in the first year. In the second year, they bear flowers and fruit.
  8. 17. The pressure exerted by fluid in a plant cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall and causes plants to be rigid or wilt.
  9. 20. These pathogens have an extremely narrow host range and are usually a threat to crops. The most common in farming is the tobacco mosaic. They are not placed in any taxonomic Domain of life since they do not have an independent self outside a living cell.
  10. 21. A typical leaf is full of this molecule which gives them their green color. It is the ingredient that allows plants to absorb light during photosynthesis.
  11. 24. The precipitation on land which reaches streams.
  12. 25. Material that stops sunlight from reaching the greenhouse. May be on top of or inside the greenhouse. Prevents photosensitive crops from being damaged by the light. Also reduces temperatures during periods of intense sunlight and high outdoor temperatures.
  13. 28. The process by which humans selectively develop particular phenotypic traits of plants by choosing which have offspring.
  14. 29. An organism that eats food of both plant and animal origin.
  15. 32. A place where plants are grown for the sake of being moved or transplanted later.
  16. 33. These factors are living organisms that shape their environment.
  17. 34. These plants complete their life cycle in one growing season. They germinate, grow, bear fruit and flowers, then die off in the same year.
  18. 36. The production and cultivation of fruit and nut crops.
  19. 38. Their name translates to "falling off at maturity". These plants seasonally shed their leaves, usually in fall.
  20. 39. The use of plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the environment.
  21. 44. What we call any unwanted plant that is growing out of place.
  22. 45. On grasses, an earlike lobe at the junction of the leaf blade and the sheath. They can be either claw like, short and stubby or are absent entirely.
  23. 46. A plant's response to the length of day and night.
  24. 50. It includes the production, distribution and processing of flowers and foliage plants.
  25. 52. Monitors relative moisture levels within the greenhouse. Additional moisture can be supplied with a fogger, which atomizes water into tiny droplets, smaller than mist.
  26. 53. These provide structural support and transport water, nutrients, and sugars between the roots and leaves.
  27. 55. An organism that mostly feeds on plants.
  28. 56. This factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.
  29. 57. These develop from flowers and protect seeds while aiding in their dispersal.
  30. 58. Organisms can be identified by this system of naming in which 2 Latin words are used to indicate the genus and species.
  31. 59. These plants have foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season.
  32. 61. A landscaping technique that conserves water by using drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems.
  33. 63. What we call a plant species that is not native to a specific area and has a negative impact on crops & local wildlife.
  34. 66. These plants grow strong year after year. They continue to bear flowers and fruit for several seasons after growth.
  35. 68. Plants can form symbiotic relationships with these fungi by connecting to them through their roots.
  36. 70. The production and use of plants to beautify the environment.
  37. 71. These contain the plants reproductive structures for sexual reproduction.
  38. 72. Insects, birds, and other animals that facilitate the transferring of pollen between flowers, promoting reproduction.
Down
  1. 1. Reads the amount of light that is present (in foot-candles) to determine the time of day.
  2. 2. A branch of science and a system of classifying organisms based on their similarities and differences.
  3. 3. In plant taxonomy this is a naturally occurring subgroup of a species with distinct characteristics.
  4. 5. During photosynthesis plants remove this gas from the atmosphere.
  5. 7. This Kingdom of eukaryotes is primarily composed of photosynthetic organisms (they obtain their energy from sunlight).
  6. 8. These plant species have tissues that transport water and nutrients around their bodies. Includes 90% of all plants.
  7. 10. Organisms can be identified by this system of naming in which 2 Latin words are used to indicate the genus and species.
  8. 12. A disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent.
  9. 15. They are a group of woody plants that produce seeds but no flowers or fruit. Their seeds are usually found in cones rather than inside fruit.
  10. 18. A very small arachnid which has four pairs of legs when adult, related to the ticks. Many kinds live in the soil and a number are parasitic on plants or animals.
  11. 19. The plant a pest attacks. It is one of the 3 conditions necessary for disease to spread. (We often use this term when referencing parasitism).
  12. 22. This effect occurs when heat is trapped after traveling through a transparent material (clear paneling, earth's atmosphere, etc.), ultimately raising the temperature in the contained environment.
  13. 23. These are single-celled microorganisms that can cause the following diseases: leaf spot & blights. They have their own Domain (taxonomic rank).
  14. 26. Reads the amount of light that is present (in foot-candles) to determine the time of day.
  15. 27. A set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism?
  16. 30. These organisms cannot make their own food, but absorb nutrients from a host plant. Most are spread by spores and cause the following diseases in plants: damping off, rust, powdery mildew, & galls. They have their own Kingdom.
  17. 31. An environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices.
  18. 35. A subgroup of a plant species that has been intentionally bred or selected by humans for specific desirable traits such as flower color, fruit size, or disease resistance.
  19. 37. The production of vegetable crops.
  20. 40. This is the largest animal phylum and includes all insects and arachnids.
  21. 41. This gas is a byproduct of photosynthesis created along with water vapor and sugars the plant produces for food.
  22. 42. It involves large groups of plants used in medicine and veterinary practice for therapeutic or preventive purposes.
  23. 43. A biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
  24. 47. Any living thing that is undesirable or harmful, especially to horticulturalists and their cultivated plants.
  25. 48. Inserts concentrated water-soluble plant nutrients into the irrigation system. The water that is released is then a diluted concentration of the added nutrients and water.
  26. 49. Plants have this distinction meaning that they create their own food through photosynthesis.
  27. 51. This device measures temperatures and is often used in conjunction with other systems (fans, heaters, shade cloths, etc.) to regulate temperature.
  28. 54. These anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and minerals, and store nutrients.
  29. 60. This refers to the orientation of new leaves formed by turfgrasses. They can be either folded or rolled.
  30. 62. A plant created when breeders intentionally cross-pollinate two different varieties of a plant.
  31. 64. Plants fall under this Domain which includes all organisms that have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
  32. 65. These are soft-bodied animals without a backbone. Includes slugs and snails. They feed on foliage and fruit of plants. It is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals.
  33. 67. The process by which the surface of the Earth gets worn down.
  34. 69. These are small animals that have 3 body regions and 3 pairs of legs (6 legs total). Their body regions are the head, thorax and abdomen.