Final Review: Planetary Science

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Across
  1. 1. A large, hot ball of gas, made up mostly of hydrogen and helium.
  2. 3. This planet has a dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide, with many volcanoes on its surface.
  3. 5. ______ craters often have central peaks and ejecta thrown out in long rays.
  4. 8. This mission's destination was Jupiter, and it was sent to collect data on the magnetosphere of the planet and to study its moons (see Space Missions).
  5. 9. A ______ eclipse occurs when Earth passes exactly between the Moon and the Sun.
  6. 12. A tool used to study the spectrum of colors coming from a light source.
  7. 16. A piece of a meteoroid that hits the ground.
  8. 20. A ______ crater is the result of a large impact that releases magma from beneath the surface.
  9. 21. When the illuminated portion of the Moon grows larger from day to day, the Moon is ______.
  10. 22. A small or medium-sized piece of rock or metal that orbits the Sun.
  11. 24. Halfway between the new Moon and the full Moon is the ______-quarter Moon.
  12. 25. Eratosthenes was the first to accurately estimate the ______ of the Earth.
  13. 28. ______ lines are dark areas that show that the light at certain wavelengths is being absorbed, so it is not seen.
  14. 30. A natural satellite that orbits a planet.
  15. 33. A ______ is a cloud of gas and dust in space between stars.
  16. 34. The different shapes the Moon takes as it orbits the Earth.
  17. 35. We can use a planet's orbital period and orbit ______ and the temperature of the star to calculate a planet's probable temperature.
  18. 37. Earth spins on an imaginary axle called an ______.
  19. 39. One ______-year (ly) is the distance light travels in 1 year, at the speed of about 300,000 km/second.
  20. 40. These are also known as "shooting stars'.
  21. 41. The ______ Space Telescope's goals are to provide deep and clear views of the universe, from the solar system to extremely remote young galaxies (see Space Missions).
  22. 43. An enormous collection of tens of millions to hundreds of billions of stars, interstellar gas, and dust.
  23. 45. The ______ Belt is a region of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune made up of millions of small icy bodies.
Down
  1. 2. A layer of gases that surround an object held in place by gravity.
  2. 4. Planets circling stars outside our solar system are called ______.
  3. 6. If a planet passes directly in front of its star, the event is called a ______.
  4. 7. A ______ eclipse occurs when the Moon passes exactly between Earth and the Sun.
  5. 10. This planet is the smallest of the gas giant planets, but is still the fourth largest planet in the solar system.
  6. 11. We measure huge distances in the cosmos in ______ units (abbreviated AU).
  7. 13. The path and length of time it takes for one object to travel around another.
  8. 14. A chunk of ice, dust, and rock material a few kilometers in size.
  9. 15. Part of the Mars ______ mission's goal was to investigate the structure of Mars' atmosphere, surface meteorology and geology, as well as the form, structure, and elemental composition of rocks and soil (see Space Missions).
  10. 17. ______ lines are bright lines show the visible wavelength of emitted light.
  11. 18. Traveling around something is called ______.
  12. 19. A ______ planet is an object that orbits the Sun and is big enough to be round, but doesn't clear the neighborhood of objects near its orbit.
  13. 23. A ______ Moon is nearly round on the side facing the Sun, with a bulge on the other side.
  14. 26. On these two days, Earth's axis is tilted neither away from nor toward the Sun.
  15. 27. Astronomers calculate that the ______ ______ happened about 13.73 billion years ago. (2 words)
  16. 29. A ______ occurs when either the North or South Pole are "leaning" toward the Sun.
  17. 31. When the illuminated portion of the Moon grows smaller from day to day, the Moon is ______.
  18. 32. This planet is sometimes called "the Red Planet" because of its oxidized (rusty) soil.
  19. 36. Small bowl-shaped craters with a fairly uniform blanket of ejecta distributed around the rim are ______ craters.
  20. 38. A change in the land created by an impact.
  21. 41. Colors with shorter wavelengths have ______ energy.
  22. 42. Halfway between the full Moon and the new Moon is the ______-quarter Moon.
  23. 44. Colors with longer wavelengths have ______ energy.
  24. 46. To give off.