Final Vocab

3. A group of Germanic peoples who settled in England after the fall of Rome.
4. A nomadic warrior people from Central Asia who created the largest land empire in history under Genghis Khan.
5. A document signed in 1215 that limited the power of the English king and established certain legal rights.
7. A Renaissance idea that focused on human potential, achievements, and studying classical texts.
11. Charging interest on loans; often banned by the Church in the Middle Ages.
12. A long conflict (1337–1453) between England and France over royal claims and territory.
15. A social and political system where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty.
17. A cultural “rebirth” in Europe (1300s–1600s) marked by a renewed interest in art, learning, and classical ideas.
19. A large estate owned by a lord, including farms, homes, and a village; the heart of medieval life.
21. Related to the Middle Ages, the period in Europe between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance.
22. A deadly disease that spread across Europe in the 1300s, killing millions.
23. Describing an ideal or perfect society, often imaginary.

1. A powerful Germanic tribe that formed a kingdom in Western Europe; Charlemagne was one of their greatest leaders.
2. A legal system based on custom, court rulings, and past decisions, developed in England.
6. Religious wars launched by Christians to reclaim the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslim control.
8. A peasant who was tied to the land and worked for a lord; not a slave, but couldn’t freely leave.
9. Groups like the Visigoths and Vandals who invaded the Roman Empire and helped bring about its fall.
10. Someone who supports artists, writers, or scholars, usually by giving them money.
13. A code of conduct for knights that emphasized honor, bravery, and respect for women and the weak.
14. A person (usually a noble) who promised loyalty and military service to a lord in exchange for land.
15. A piece of land given by a lord to a vassal in return for loyalty and service.
16. Not related to religion; more focused on worldly things.
18. A nomadic group from Central Asia who invaded Europe and eventually settled in what is now Hungary.
20. A church-led effort in Spain to punish heresy and force conversion, often through torture and trials.