First 50 Vocab Words

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Across
  1. 1. an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.
  2. 3. is a memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of the term to be remembered, as opposed to simply repeating the word to yourself over and over.
  3. 4. a maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.
  4. 6. extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
  5. 7. a part of the brain that controls the ability to produce language. Located in the left frontal lobe on the cerebrum,
  6. 9. a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus
  7. 10. refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise
  8. 12. the third stage in French psychologist Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Children typically reach this stage, which is characterized by logical reasoning about real situations without being influenced by changes in appearances, at the age of seven or eight
  9. 13. a way of solving problems wherein a variety of possible solutions are proposed in an effort to find one that works.
  10. 15. This area contains the largest bundle of nerve fibers in the brain and connects the two sides (hemispheres) of the brain
  11. 16. a term that was popularized by David McClelland and describes a person's need to feel a sense of involvement and "belonging" within a social group
  12. 20. the "Father of Humanistic Psychology" disciple of Freud's but parted ways believed that individuals possess innate positive motives and strive towards personal and social perfection.
  13. 23. is a cognitive process that manages how we take in new information and incorporate that new information into our existing knowledge.
  14. 24. In cognitive psychology, chunking is a process by which individual pieces of an information set are broken down and then grouped together in a meaningful whole.
  15. 27. are conducting cells that carry information from the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to muscles and organs throughout the body
  16. 29. the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing.
  17. 30. Binocular cues are visual information taken in by two eyes that enable us a sense of depth perception, or stereopsis.
  18. 31. a thing said or done that serves as a signal to an actor or other performer to enter or to begin their speech or performance.
  19. 32. The tendency of IQ scores to change over time, and specifically, the apparent increase in intelligence in the general population evidenced by a steady increase in IQ scores.
  20. 33. the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or strengthens one's prior personal beliefs or values. It is a type of cognitive bias.
  21. 35. the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.
  22. 36. is the minimum difference in stimulation that a person can detect 50 percent of the time.
  23. 38. best known for his influence on linguistics, specifically, the development of transformational grammar. believed that formal grammar was directly responsible for a person's ability to understand and interpret mere utterances.
  24. 39. a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move.
  25. 41. a social group or culture's informal norms that distinguish how one should express themselves.
  26. 42. the change in electric potential that propagates along the axon of a neuron during the transmission of a nerve impulse or the contraction of a muscle
  27. 44. When_______ began researching facial expressions of emotions across cultures, he initially had the opposite view to Charles Darwin. ______ believed that expressions were socially learned, and therefore culturally variable.
  28. 46. the period immediately following the firing of a nerve fiber when it cannot be stimulated no matter how great a stimulus is applied
  29. 47. a theory of learning in which the goal of motivated behavior is a reduction of a drive state
  30. 48. - a form of psychiatric treatment that involves inducing seizures with the use of electrical stimulation while a patient is under general anesthesia
  31. 49. a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. the greater the inward strain, the closer the object.
Down
  1. 2. a change in the difference between the electric charge on the inside and the outside of the cell membrane and is when the cell becomes positively charged (or less negative).
  2. 5. A cognitive process (a mode of critical thinking) in which a person attempts to find a single, correct answer to a problem
  3. 8. regulates a variety of body process that takes place without conscious effort
  4. 11. he fourth stage of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development is the ____________. _____________ stage is marked by an increase in the ability to think in abstract terms and develop egocentrism, and also to reason, argue, and plan
  5. 14. And absolute threshold is the smallest level of stimulus that can be detected, usually defined as at least half the time.
  6. 17. scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems
  7. 18. the hypothesis suggests that dreams are created by changes in neuron activity that activates the brainstem during REM sleep.
  8. 19. were a concept introduced by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, who believed that archetypes were models of people, behaviors, or personalities.
  9. 21. a set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem
  10. 22. when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas
  11. 25. the tendency of faraway objects to appear hazy or slightly blurred as a result of the atmosphere.
  12. 26. Known for conducting experiments by learning by observing others. Also called social learning
  13. 28. a developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, best known for formulating the Psychosocial Stages of Development which outlined personality development from birth to old age. He also coined the term Identity Crisis which describes when a person loses their sense of self.
  14. 34. people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimum level of physiological arousal.
  15. 37. a defense mechanism that redirects the expression of our negative feelings to a less-threatening subject.
  16. 40. process by which our senses adjust to different levels of stimulation; in addition there are two types-light and dark; the sensitivity of rods and cones change accord how much light is available
  17. 43. a French psychologist who published the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon intelligence scale, in 1905. His principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum.
  18. 45. is the psychological component of the personality that is represented by our conscious decision-making process.