Fitness for Life Chapter 4 Puzzle

Across

5. A pattern of training that alternates different activities that develop the same fitness component; may be done to improve performance or to avoid or rehabilitate injuries.
6. An end product of glycolysis; in aerobic metabolism, pyruvate is sent the the Krebs cycle to aid in the production of ATP; in anaerobic metabolism, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid.
7. A qualitative assessment of exercise intensity based on the ability to talk during exercise.
8. The smallest blood vessels, with walls so thin that substances can pass between the blood they carry and the surrounding cells and tissues; the site where oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred between skeletal muscle cells and the bloodstream.
11. A method of calculating target cardiorespiratory endurance exercise intensity based on a percentage range of maximum heart rate.
12. A range of heart rates that reflect an intensity of exercise that will result in cardiorespiratory fitness improvement.
14. The exercise intensity at which significant amounts of lactic acid accumulates in the blood; at or above this intensity, performance suffers; can be increased through training.
16. The system responsible for most energy production in the body through the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system; takes place in the mitochondria and requires glucose and oxygen; also known as aerobic respiration.
17. The absolute amount of oxygen that can be consumed and used by an individual. Usually reported in liters per minute and highly correlated to body size.
18. A condition characterized by progressive destruction of the alveoli, making breathing, especially exhalation, difficult; with chronic bronchitis, known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
21. Ability of the respiratory and circulatory systems to provide the necessary oxygen to skeletal muscles to sustain regular physical activity; also known as cardiorespiratory endurance, aerobic endurance, and aerobic fitness.
27. A chemical process by which large complex molecules are broken down into simpler compounds; the simpler compounds can by oxidized, releasing energy.
29. Occurring in the absence of oxygen.
31. A physiological concept expressing the energy cost of any physical activity relative to resting metabolic rate.
35. Interspersing higher intensity bouts of exercise periodically throughout a workout in order to increase maximal oxygen consumption.
37. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed and used by skeletal muscles; typically reported in therms of milliliters of oxygen consumed per minute per kilogram of body weight; considered one of the best measures of aerobic fitness.
38. A medical condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction of breathing passages, which makes breathing difficult; in some cases, can be exacerbated by exercise.
39. The lungs, air passages, and breathing muscles; allows for gas exchange, with the body taking in oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide.
41. The maximum number of beats per minute of the heart, which can be measured directly through laboratory testing or estimated according the age; the value typically decreases with age starting around 20 years.

Down

1. Elastic vessels throughout the body that carry blood away from the heart; they are responsible for transporting oxygen-rich blood to the muscles.
2. The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
3. A form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood; used by the body for energy production; derived from food sources.
4. The amount of blood pumped by the heart in each beat.
9. A method of calculating target cardiorespiratory endurance exercise intensity based on a percentage range of heart rate reserve, which is the difference between resting heart rate and maximum heart rate.
10. Physical and emotional exhaustion from exercise.
13. Occurring in the presence of oxygen.
15. The heart, lungs, and network of blood vessels.
17. Blood vessels responsible for storing most of the blood at rest and for returning blood to the heart.
19. Chronic or persistent inflammation of the bronchi in the lung.
20. A form of stored blood sugar typically derived from food; stored in limited amounts in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain.
22. The system responsible for initial production of energy; requires glucose but no oxygen, and produces a net of only two ATP molecules; can provide energy for only short periods of physical effort; also known as glycolysis.
23. The transfer of electrons from a high-energy molecule to a lower-energy molecule in the production of ATP; takes place within the mitochondria.
24. Gradual increases of frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise in order for the body to adapt and increase fitness.
25. A complex chemical compound formed with the energy released from food; produced in the mitochondria of cells, it is the main energy source of most cellular functions.
26. Tiny sacs in the lungs covered by blood vessels, serving as the site of gas exchange.
28. The immediate energy system that powers activities requiring an immediate burst of energy; powered by stored ATP and creatine phosphate.
30. The body's network of blood vessels.
31. Structures within cells in which most of the chemical reactions in cellular respiration occur; also known as cellular "power plants," as they are the location for most ATP production.
32. A form of rapidly mobilized energy available to the skeletal muscles and the brain; also known as phosphocreatine.
33. A chemical by-product of ATP production; at low levels, it can be reconverted into ATP, but at high levels it is detrimental to performance.
34. A process in the mitochondria in which carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are converted into ATP through cellular respiration; also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA.
36. An anaerobic chemical reaction that converts glucose into pyruvate, yielding a small number of ATP.
40. A scale that provides a subjective measure of exercise intensity; widely used in the absence of heart rate monitoring.