Forming

2. commonly used as finishing process for cosmetic appearance and corrosion protection
5. process removes a disk from a larger sheet. (keep small piece)
8. flashless on soft materials
10. return to original shape upon unloading
12. long uniform cross section metal rods can be fabricated by extrusion
14. a rubber pad presses and deforms a sheet to final shape conforming to a sheet forming block.
15. the practical stress to deform material plastically
16. the amount of springback depends on material properties and the corner radius of the bend. By bending slighlty more than the required angle, a sheet can pring back to the desired angle.
18. of material beyond the yield strength to obtain final useful shapes
19. a large volume of material is deformed plastically
20. produces final fracture surface parallel to the cutting force.
21. this technique uses a sharper (smaller radius) bending tool to press and plastically deform material at the bend radius.
22. a bent sheet can be constrained in a fixture during a heat treatment. At suitable temperature and time, the residual plastic strain will be eliminated together with spring back.

1. process allows shearing and forming/bending with a single tool.
2. process removes a large sheet from a disk. (keep large piece)
3. rollers are used to reduce the thickness of a workpiece.
4. permanent shape change
6. transforming the shape of the workpiece, while maintaining the workpiece volume.
7. thin metallic sheets are deformed in plastic region into useful shapes
9. allowance during bend, a sheet length is changed depending on the bending angle, the corber radius, and the sheet thickness.
11. head of nails, screws, bolts. Saves time while increasing strength of the final parts.
13. large stock is drawn into smaller wire through a hardened steel die. Lubrication and die design are crucial for the operation success.
17. this process produces three dimensional cup shape. The process requires a circular blank and precision punch and die.