Foundations

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Across
  1. 4. Welsh word for 'foundations'
  2. 5. Welsh word for 'ratio'
  3. 6. When added to cement, it causes a chemical reaction called hydration which causes the concrete or mortar to set and then harden.
  4. 8. Used as an ingredient in concrete. Another name for chippings or crushed stone.(6,9)
  5. 12. Used as an ingredient in concrete. Another name for sand or stone dust.(4,9)
  6. 14. The proportion of each ingredient used to make the concrete would be termed as the mix -----------
  7. 15. A type of foundation consisting of a narrow ribbon of concrete placed under the entire length of anyload bearing walls. Usually used for low level buildings with good load bearing subsoil.
  8. 17. This is placed inside the concrete on a raft foundation for added strength(5,13)
  9. 19. This part of a building is used to transfer the load of the building to a suitable load bearing subsoil.
Down
  1. 1. The dimensions of the foundation(Length x breadth x depth) would give you the ---------- of concrete required.
  2. 2. The information source used to obtain the dimensions (length, depth and width) for the foundations.(7,8)
  3. 3. All of the structure below ground and up to and including the damp proof course (DPC)
  4. 7. A very fine grey material used in concrete and mortar to bind the aggregates together.
  5. 9. This would be used to take levels from when establishing the correct depth for your foundation concrete.(4,5)
  6. 10. Welsh word for 'cement'
  7. 11. The main part of the building which is above the ground.
  8. 13. A type of foundation used on poor soil that covers the whole footprint of the building. Steel reinforcement is used in this foundation.
  9. 16. A type of foundation that is used to transfer the load of a building through the poor soil near the surface down to a depth where a suitable load bearing subsoil is present . These can be pre-cast and driven or bored and cast in-situ.
  10. 17. The information source used to obtain the mix ratio for the concrete foundation.
  11. 18. A type of foundation usually associated with framed buildings, where a mass of concrete is placed under each point load.