French Revolution
Across
- 2. Radical urban working-class revolutionaries in Paris distinguished by plain clothing; they pushed for more direct democracy, price controls, and social equality during the Revolution.
- 6. French general that became emperor
- 14. A political system in which a monarch holds supreme, centralized authority with few legal limits; rulers justified their power as absolute control over the state and government.
- 15. A traditional assembly representing the three estates (Clergy — First Estate, Nobility — Second Estate, Commoners — Third Estate) convened by the king to consult on major issues, taxation, or reforms.
- 16. The wealthy upper middle-class
- 17. A radical political club and network of revolutionaries who supported republicanism, centralization, and often severe measures against opponents; prominent during the Revolution's most radical phase.
- 20. The five-member executive government (1795–1799) that ruled France after the fall of the Reign of Terror; it was marked by political instability and corruption before Napoleon’s rise.
Down
- 1. ____ of Terror — The period (1793–1794) of revolutionary government led by the Committee of Public Safety during which suspected enemies of the Revolution were arrested and often executed to defend the republic.
- 3. ____of Public Safety — The executive body created in 1793 to protect the Revolution from internal and external threats; it assumed near-dictatorial powers during the Reign of Terror.
- 4. ____ Assembly — The revolutionary body formed in 1789 when representatives of the Third Estate declared themselves the legitimate legislature of France, initiating political transformation.
- 5. ___d'état — A sudden, decisive overthrow of a government by a small group, often military or political leaders, to seize power.
- 7. _______Code — A comprehensive set of civil laws enacted under Napoleon Bonaparte that codified legal equality for men, property rights, and secular authority; it reformed and standardized French law and influenced many legal systems worldwide.
- 8. ______of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen — A foundational revolutionary document (1789) asserting universal natural rights, including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression, and principles of popular sovereignty and equality before the law.
- 9. A person (often noble or member of clergy) who fled France during the Revolution, usually criticizing revolutionary changes and sometimes seeking foreign support to restore the old order.
- 10. The urban middle class (merchants, professionals, skilled artisans) who lacked noble privileges but often had wealth and education; key agents of political change during the Revolution.
- 11. The church officials that made up the First Estate
- 12. Social class of pre-revolutionary France
- 13. ____ Court Oath — The pledge made in 1789 by members of the Third Estate (and some allies) to continue meeting until they had written a new constitution for France.
- 18. Region that Marie Antoinette came from
- 19. ____Régime-The political and social system in France before the French Revolution, characterized by monarchy, feudal privileges for the nobility and clergy, and estates divided into rigid orders.