Fuel Source for Exercise Metabolism

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Across
  1. 2. The process of synthesizing glycogen from glucose molecules.
  2. 5. Organelles in the cell where oxidative phosphorylation and the TCA cycle occur.
  3. 14. A metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules, occurring in the mitochondria.
  4. 17. A hormone released from the adrenal medulla that stimulates glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and increased heart rate.
  5. 18. A chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms, a major source of energy in the form of triglycerides in fat storage, especially during endurance exercise.
  6. 20. The storage form of glucose in muscles and the liver.
  7. 21. Slow-twitch, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers, high in oxidative capacity.
  8. 22. The breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
  9. 24. The immediate energy system, using ATP and creatine phosphate to resynthesize ATP for a quick energy source.
  10. 26. Fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers, with both oxidative and glycolytic capacity.
  11. 27. A hormone released from the pancreas that facilitates glucose uptake into cells and stimulates glycogen synthesis and fat storage.
  12. 28. A protein that forms the thin filaments of muscle fibers, playing a key role in muscle contraction.
  13. 29. An end-product of anaerobic glycolysis, produced during high-intensity exercise.
Down
  1. 1. A protein that forms the thick filaments of muscle fibers, responsible for generating force during muscle contraction.
  2. 3. The basic contractile unit of muscle fibers, consisting of overlapping thick and thin filaments.
  3. 4. Stored fat within muscle fibers, providing a readily available source of energy during exercise.
  4. 6. An enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
  5. 7. The primary energy currency of the cell, providing the energy for muscle contraction and other cellular processes.
  6. 8. A key enzyme in glycolysis that regulates the rate of the pathway.
  7. 9. The membranous network in muscle cells that stores and releases calcium ions, crucial for muscle contraction.
  8. 10. Fast-twitch muscle fibers, high in glycolytic capacity but fatigue quickly.
  9. 11. An anaerobic metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose or glycogen into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the sarcoplasm.
  10. 12. The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids, glycerol, or lactate, primarily in the liver.
  11. 13. A hormone released from the pancreas that stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.
  12. 15. A series of protein complexes in the mitochondria that generate ATP by transferring electrons, using oxygen as the final acceptor.
  13. 16. An aerobic metabolic pathway in the mitochondria that produces ATP by transferring electrons to oxygen through the electron transport chain.
  14. 19. A series of metabolic reactions in the mitochondria that oxidize acetyl-CoA, generating ATP precursors and carbon dioxide.
  15. 23. A cytokine released from muscle tissue with a number of metabolic and inflammatory effects.
  16. 25. A high-energy molecule that can donate a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP.