Gardener's Glossary 1 - Compiled by Robert A. Wearne, a Horticulturist with the Extension Service.

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Across
  1. 7. Slender, elongated and prostrate branch that has buds and can form roots at the nodes or at the tip. An example is a strawberry runner.
  2. 8. To prepare for storing by drying the skins. Dry onions and sweet potatoes are typical examples.
  3. 10. A disease causing seedlings to die soon after germination, either before or after emerging from the soil.
  4. 12. Inability of plants to restrict activities of a specified pest, or to withstand an adverse environmental condition.
  5. 13. Soil that consists of less than 52% sand, 28% to 50% silt, and between 7% - 27% clay, resulting in a soil texture ideal for gardening.
  6. 14. Solution Fertilizer solution applied to plants at time of transplanting.
  7. 15. Molecular form in which some nutrients, such as iron, are easily absorbed by plants.
  8. 18. Propagation of plants by cutting them into sections as is done with plant crowns, rhizomes, stem tubers, and tuberous roots. Each section must have at least one head or stem. Example: Rhubarb.
  9. 19. Plant(s) unable to absorb enough water to replace that lost by transpiration. Results may be wilting, halting of growth, or death of the plant or plant parts.
  10. 21. Chemical symbol used to give relative acidity or alkalinity of the soil. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 the neutral reading. Readings of less than 7 indicate acid soil, readings above indicate alkaline soil.
  11. 22. Layer The layer of cells that lie between the bark and the wood of a tree.
  12. 24. Generally refers to a soil that crumbles when handled. A loam soil with physical properties that provide good aeration and drainage, easily tilled. Friable condition is improved or maintained by annual applications of organic matter.
  13. 26. Irrigation Watering plants so that only soil in the plant's immediate vicinity is moistened. Water is supplied from a thin plastic tube at a low flow rate. The technique sometimes is called trickle irrigation.
  14. 29. Treatment of seed with bacteria that stimulate development of bacteria nodules on plant roots. Used on legumes such as peas and beans.
  15. 31. Crop Vegetables grown for their edible roots, such as beets, carrots, radishes and turnips.
  16. 32. Transfer of pollen from flower of one plant to flower of the same or different plant by natural means.
  17. 35. One of plant nutrients essential for growth and green color in plants. Available in both organic and inorganic forms. Designated by the letter N.
  18. 38. Central and dominant stem or trunk of a tree or shrub from which the side branches develop.
  19. 39. Mixture in which one liquid is suspended as tiny drops in another liquid, such as oil in water.
Down
  1. 1. Caused by the sun warming trunks and large branches during winter, resulting in cracking and splitting of the bark. It can be prevented by shading or whitewashing tree trunks and larger branches. Sunscald may also occur on fruit exposed to direct sunlight.
  2. 2. Compound containing calcium and/or magnesium, applied to soils to reduce acidity.
  3. 3. Joining or insertion of one plant part called the scion upon another plant part called the rootstock so that the cambium layers of each piece make contact to produce new growth.
  4. 4. Diseases caused by certain viruses that dwarf a plant and make it unproductive.
  5. 5. Soils with a pH below 7; most fruits and vegetables grow best when the pH is between 5.2 to 7.1.
  6. 6. Matter Portion of soil resulting from decomposition of animal or plant material. Helps to maintain good structure and micro-organisms in soil. Tends to give soil a darker color.
  7. 9. Soils with a pH below 7; most fruits and vegetables grow best when the pH is between 5.2 to 7.1.
  8. 11. Applying a herbicide to the soil to kill weed seeds before they germinate, or after a crop is planted but before it germinates and seedlings emerge above the soil's surface.
  9. 16. organism Any microscopic animal or plant that may cause a plant disease or have the beneficial effect of decomposing plant and animal residue that becomes humus.
  10. 17. Physical condition of a soil. "Good tilth" indicates soil has right proportions of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter so it is easily worked or cultivated.
  11. 20. Removing small or young plants from a row to provide remaining plants with more space to grow and develop.
  12. 23. Adapting plants to outdoor conditions by withholding water, lowering the temperature, or gradually eliminating the protection of a cold frame, hot bed, or greenhouse. This conditions plants for survival when transplanted outdoors.
  13. 25. Way of propagating plants vegetatively. A stem is bent down and buried in a rooting medium to induce root development along the buried portion.
  14. 27. Entire floral structure of a plant.
  15. 28. Symbol for phosphate.
  16. 30. Culture Same as hydroponics. Growing plants in nutrient solutions and not in soil.
  17. 33. Plants living one year or less. During this time the plant grows, flowers, produces seeds, and dies. Examples: beans, peas, sweet corn, squash.
  18. 34. Survey Systematic examination of soils in the field and in laboratories; publishing of descriptions and classifications; mapping of kinds of soils; and interpretation of soils according to their adaptability to various crops such as fruits, vegetables, and trees.
  19. 36. Dressing Paint or paste used to cover and protect wounds of a tree caused by limb breakage or pruning.
  20. 37. Cutting Cutting taken from a woody or herbaceous plant before it has matured.