GCSE Physics beyond Earth revision

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Across
  1. 4. A satellite that orbits Earth in 24 hours and travels in the same direction as the Earth spins. It orbits at high altitude. Used for TV and communications
  2. 5. Made up of at least a billion galaxies
  3. 9. When something is moving closer to us light waves will shift towards the blue end of the spectrum and sound waves become higher pitched.
  4. 10. Core of a medium sized star like our own that collapses in on itself after the red giant and planetary nebula stage.
  5. 12. Incredibly dense collapsed core of a massive star that remains after a supernova. Protons and electrons are crushed together due to the immense force. One teaspoon would weigh about a billion tonnes.
  6. 15. Group of stars.
  7. 17. Spherical due to gravity and orbit the sun.
  8. 19. A satellite that orbits in 2 hours and is used for used for weather or military (spying). They travel quickly as they are close to Earth where the gravitational field is stronger.
  9. 20. Process that occurs in stars where Hydrogen nuclei fuse to make Helium releasing large amounts of energy.
  10. 21. When hydrogen gas is converted to helium in nuclear fusion. Our own star, sun is currently in this stage.
  11. 23. Stars form when dust and gas are pulled in by this force. It also allows the planets to orbit the sun by providing the centripetal force and holds our feet on the ground.
Down
  1. 1. Object made from ice an dust.
  2. 2. Longitudinal waves generated by earthquakes. These arrive first as they travel faster. These can travel through solids and liquids and cause things to shake up and down. This causes less damage.
  3. 3. When a really big star goes supernova and the core is compressed to a singularity. The gravitational field strength is so high that even light itself cannot escape
  4. 6. A powerful explosion of a massive star that occurs at the end of it’s life. It occurs when a much larger star than our sun runs out of fuel causing its core to collapse, triggering a massive explosion.
  5. 7. When a star runs out of Hydrogen fuel for nuclear fusion the outer layer will cool and expand becoming one of these.
  6. 8. The name of our local galaxy
  7. 11. When a medium sized star like ours becomes a red giant and its outer layer begin to escape off into space. The star loses mass.
  8. 13. Transverse waves generated by earthquakes. They only travel through solids and are slower. They shake buildings from side to side. These cause the most damage. The shadow produced by these waves helped us to understand that Earths core was a liquid.
  9. 14. Formed by larger stars when they run out of hydrogen for nuclear fusion into Helium.
  10. 16. End of the road for a star like our sun. It has ran out of fuel and no longer emits light.
  11. 18. This showed that galaxies were moving further away from us and acted as supporting evidence for the big bang.
  12. 22. High energy waves that have become stretched over time. Thought to be left over from the big bang. Supporting evidence for the big bang theory.