Gene expression

5. Can only differentiate into one cell type.
6. Production of a polypeptide chain from mRNA.
7. Addition of an acetyl group to histones, increasing transcription by making DNA less tightly bound to histones.
10. Non-cancerous, slow-growing, encapsulated tumour.
11. Heritable changes in gene function without changing the DNA base sequence, often caused by environmental factors.
13. A disease caused by mutation, leading to uncontrolled mitosis and tumour formation.
14. The DNA and histone proteins covered in chemical tags (methyl/acetyl groups) that determine the DNA shape (tight/loose).
16. Addition of a methyl group to Cytosine, reducing transcription (silencing).

1. Differentiate into a limited number of cell types (e.g., bone marrow to blood cells).
2. Gene that stimulates cell division; when mutated into an oncogene, it becomes permanently active.
3. Can divide and differentiate into any body cell type (including placenta).
4. Can differentiate into almost any cell type (excluding placenta).
8. Production of mRNA from a DNA template.
9. Cancerous, fast-growing, can metastasize (spread).
12. The full range of proteins a cell is able to produce.
15. Undifferentiated cells capable of dividing and differentiating into specialized cells.
17. A mass of cells resulting from uncontrolled division.