General Defences

3. Interest A factor often weighed when courts consider whether necessity or self-defence applies in extraordinary scenarios (two words).
5. Lawful, properly regulated sports where participants consent to a certain level of physical injury.
7. Sexual activities involving the infliction of pain, where public policy generally restricts the defence of consent.
9. A complete defence allowing a person to use reasonable and necessary force to protect themselves, others, or property (two words).
10. The requirement that a threat under duress must be operating effectively upon the defendant at the time of the crime.
12. The classification of a situation where a defendant voluntarily joins a criminal gang, restricting their ability to claim duress.
13. A serious crime for which neither duress nor necessity can ever be used as a valid legal defence.
15. The requirement that the use of force must have been genuinely needed in the circumstances of the threat.
18. A duress defence where the threat arises from external pressure or an emergency situation rather than specific human threats (two words).
19. Routine physical contact in everyday life that is automatically deemed to have victim consent.

1. Consent that is legally invalidated because the victim was deceived about the nature of the act or identity.
2. The balance that must be struck between the harm feared and the force used in self-defence or necessity.
4. A complete defence where the defendant is forced to commit a crime due to threats of death or serious injury (two words).
6. A classification of defences like self-defence and duress that result in a full acquittal rather than a partial reduction of liability.
8. A special statutory category under the Crime and Courts Act 2013 granting greater leeway for self-defence in residential burglaries.
11. The requirement under duress that the coercion must involve imminent death or serious bodily injury.
14. The objective standard used to judge whether the level of force used in self-defence was appropriate (two words).
16. An avenue of escape or protection that, if available to the defendant, will defeat a plea of duress (two words).
17. A rare common law defence based on avoiding an even greater evil or harm in extreme emergencies.
19. A defence where the victim legally agrees to allow the defendant to inflict a certain degree of harm.