Genetic Variation

2. caused by mutation or mutations to specific genes involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis
7. mutation where one or more base pairs added to the DNA, often leads to frameshift
10. variations within specific genes leading to different phenotypes of a given trait
12. programmed cell death when a cell is identified as abnormal by the immune system
13. also known as a jumping gene which change the DNA sequence
15. a change to the DNA
16. a mutation which does not significantly change the protein product, can lead to genetic variation
17. a type of mutation where one base is changed, can be silent or lead to missense or nonsense mutations

1. something which causes mutation: physical chemical or biological
3. type of mutation which can occur due to errors in replication
4. a mutation which leads to reduced function, disease or death of the cell or organism
5. mutation where one or more base pairs removed from the DNA, often leads to frameshift
6. cells in most of the body, non-reproductive mutations here are not heritable
8. what is observed or measured by expression of an individual's genotype
9. the combination of alleles at one gene locus in an individual
11. reproductive cells in the body, mutations here are heritable
13. a quality in an individual controlled by expression of one or more genes
14. a mutation which leads to a generation of a new allele which improves the survival or the organism, main source of genetic diversity