Genetics and Heredity

6. The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function for different parts of the body.
7. A simple sugar produced when lactose is broken down; it is the primary source of energy for cells.
8. The cell organelle where protein synthesis (translation) takes place.
10. An allele that expresses its phenotype even when only one copy is present.
12. The sugar found in milk and other dairy products that must be broken down during digestion.
14. A change or error in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in proteins and physical traits.
15. A type of allele that only shows its effect in the phenotype if two copies are present.
16. The process where bacteria break down undigested sugars in the colon, producing gas and cramps.
18. The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by letters like AA, Aa, or aa.
20. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

1. The specific protein (enzyme) responsible for breaking down milk sugar into simpler sugars.
2. The observable physical characteristics or traits of an organism, such as height or eye color.
3. Acids The building blocks of proteins; their specific order determines a protein's shape and function.
4. The specialized type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes.
5. Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa); often referred to as a carrier.
9. Reproductive cells, such as sperm or eggs, that contain only half the genetic information of the parent.
11. The process in the cell nucleus where a segment of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA.
13. The state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.
17. The process where a ribosome reads mRNA to assemble a specific chain of amino acids.
19. A type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body.