Genetics Final A

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Across
  1. 4. Stage in meiosis where homologous chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell.
  2. 6. "Builder" enzyme responsible for adding DNA or RNA nucleotides to the growing strand during DNA replication or transcription.
  3. 10. Having two of the same alleles in a genotype, ex. HH or ee.
  4. 15. Homologous chromosomes pair and trade genes. Helps maintain variety in sexually reproducing organisms.
  5. 16. Cells produced during meiosis and used for reproduction.
  6. 17. Nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA.
  7. 19. Type of cell division responsible for reducing the number of chromosomes in diploid cells to haploid numbers; results in gamete cells.
  8. 20. Nitrogenous base that pairs with guanine in DNA and RNA.
  9. 25. Last stage in cell division. Results in new daughter cells separated from each other.
  10. 27. The sugar in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA.
  11. 28. Different forms of a gene.
  12. 29. This type of inheritance results in both traits being expressed, as in a speckled chicken
Down
  1. 1. Set of three tRNA nucleotides used to match with mRNA codons during translation.
  2. 2. Ribonucleic acid.
  3. 3. Enzyme responsible for unzipping DNA during replication.
  4. 5. The specific genes an individual has for a trait.
  5. 7. Stage in meiosis where chromatid are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the two newly created cells.
  6. 8. Stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes line up and crossing over occurs.
  7. 9. Chromosomes that are similar in size and carry similar genes; one coming from each genetic parent.
  8. 11. A specific and observable characteristic of an individual.
  9. 12. Nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in RNA.
  10. 13. Location within the cell where ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide strands.
  11. 14. Traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be _____.
  12. 16. Factors that determine an individual's characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring.
  13. 18. A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
  14. 21. When an organism's genetic material is changed.
  15. 22. Proteins that associate with DNA to help pack and condense it.
  16. 23. Organelle responsible for translating mRNA into a polypeptide strand that will fold into a protein.
  17. 24. Considered the Father of Modern Genetics because of his experiments with pea plants.
  18. 26. Stage in meiosis where two cleavage furrows develop and four new nuclear membranes form.