Genetics Final Exam

5. The name for the manner in which DNA replicates
9. a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles.
10. A technique where a target piece of DNA is repeatedly amplified
11. an experimental cross of an individual organism of dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype) with an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype.
12. occurs when the expression of one gene is modified (e.g., masked inhibited or suppressed) by the expression of one or more other genes.
14. A DNA/histone protein complex found in eukaryotic cells
16. A fragment of foreign DNA which functions as an immunological recording used to combat future infections.
17. A name for the piece of DNA synthesized in the opposite direction of the replication fork
18. The type of modification made to the 3' end of the mRNA strand at the end of transcription
19. occurs when two mutations in different organisms together result in a wild-type phenotype.

1. If in the presence of lactose, the cell can transcribe genes Z, Y, and A, it is referred to as...
2. a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.
3. The type of mutation which changes every single codon downstream
4. Chemical groups can be reversibly added and removed to impact gene expression
6. The name of the procedure where bacteria are used to determine if a particular chemical is a mutagen
7. The abbreviation for the mechanism where the RISC complex and siRNA bind to a target mRNA and cleave it
8. a term for when a chromosome breaks and either the whole or a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosome
13. an extrachromosomal piece of DNA often used as a vector for cloning
15. A term which refers to the opposite polarities of two strands of dsDNA.