Genetics Review

3. The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.
8. A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
9. The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
10. A change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome, which can result in a new trait or characteristic.
13. The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
15. A genetic trait that is expressed when it is present, overriding the expression of a recessive trait.
17. The molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
18. A genetic trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present, and the dominant allele is not present.
19. Offspring resulting from the cross-breeding of two different species, varieties, or breeds.
20. A diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of offspring from a cross between known genotypes.

1. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
2. The genetic makeup of an organism, which determines its physical characteristics or phenotype.
4. One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
5. Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
6. The manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology techniques to produce desired traits or characteristics.
7. A diagram that shows the occurrence and relationships of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors across generations.
11. A characteristic or feature of an organism that can be inherited or determined by genes.
12. A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
14. The differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population or species.
16. An organism or cell produced asexually from one ancestor to which it is genetically identical.