Genetics Review

4. any change to an organism’s DNA. Can be caused by things in the environment like radiation or chemicals.
7. Using enzymes to cut genes from an organism and move them into the DNA of another organism to produce organisms with traits we want.
9. A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein and trait.
11. A pattern that is used to make a new molecule. DNA is an example of one when it is used for making proteins and for making more DNA.
12. Choosing organisms of a species with desired traits to mate and produce offspring with these desired traits.
14. To copy.
15. (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Molecule found in all cells that carries the genetic information for that organism.
16. A genetic disease which causes a change in the shape of red blood cells to cause clotting, strokes, and pain.
17. Building block of proteins. They used at the ribosome to make the protein based on the bases in the mRNA.
19. (Transfer RNA) Carries amino acids to the ribosome to build the protein.
20. A special enzyme used to cut DNA. Used in the techniques of genetic engineering and electrophoresis.

1. The process of building protein from amino acids according to the DNA code. Occurs at ribosome.
2. A test in which pictures of a person’s chromosomes are arranged by size in order to test for certain genetic diseases.
3. A genetic disorder which causes a loss of motor coordination (muscle control) and memory loss.
5. (Messenger RNA) Carries the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
6. Building block of DNA and RNA. The sequence determines which proteins the cell makes.
8. A structure in the nucleus that contains genes. There are 46 in every human body cell.
10. A lab technique that cuts with restriction enzymes and then separates the DNA fragments based on size.
13. A technique used to make identical organisms.
18. A genetic disorder caused by having 3 copies of the 21st chromosome. Can cause delays in development.