Genetics Terminology

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Across
  1. 2. Expression of two opposing alleles in a heterozygote, resulting in a phenotype that is hybrid.
  2. 4. When three or more alleles occur at a site or locus.
  3. 6. The size, banding patterns, and centromere position of an individual's chromosomes, as well as their number and appearance.
  4. 9. Alleles that are involved in the majority of visible characteristics.
  5. 11. Postulates developed by Mendel regarding genetics.
  6. 13. Process where two haploid cells are produced by the parent cells and are fused to form a single, genetically recombined diploid cell.
  7. 16. The trait which confers the same physical appearance.
  8. 17. Trait that is not expressed when the dominant trait is present.
  9. 18. It implies that more than one factor, whether genetic, environmental, or both, is involved in the phenotype's origin.
  10. 21. Mutation-induced gene variants that occur at the same relative sites on homologous chromosomes.
  11. 25. It is a structure in the nucleus that includes chromatin, which contains DNA, the genetic material.
  12. 27. Multiple, seemingly unconnected phenotypic consequences caused by genes or mutations.
  13. 28. Location
  14. 29. It suggests that only genetic components are involved, generally additively, with the original definition implying that the number of factors (loci) is too big to be separately defined.
  15. 31. A period of the cell cycle when the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
  16. 32. An organism's inherited genetic basis, which includes both physically expressed and non-expressed alleles.
  17. 34. Observable characteristics of an organism reflected from the genotype
  18. 36. Antagonistic gene interaction in which one gene suppresses or interferes with the expression of another.
  19. 37. Basic unit of heredity and unique DNA segment that codes for a functioning molecule.
  20. 38. Analysis used to study the pattern in human inheritance.
  21. 39. Two different alleles are present in a genotype.
  22. 40. Other term for 'multiallelic'
Down
  1. 1. Change or variation in the nucleotide sequence of a genome.
  2. 3. Set of genotypes with the same phenotype.
  3. 5. The chromosomes' building material
  4. 7. Changes in chromosome structure or number
  5. 8. The percentage of the time that a dominant or homozygous recessive gene or gene combination reveals itself in the carriers' phenotypic.
  6. 10. Location of a gene in a chromosome.
  7. 12. Stages or steps in cell division.
  8. 13. Means segregation at a single locus.
  9. 14. Term used to describe features that do not show clear one-locus ("Mendelian") segregation, frequently due to segregation at many loci.
  10. 15. When two alleles occur at a site or locus.
  11. 19. Similar alleles are present in a genotype.
  12. 20. When only one allele occurs at a site or locus.
  13. 22. A natural chromosomal or DNA variation. If a rare allele has a frequency of 1% or greater, a gene locus is said to be __________.
  14. 23. Inheritance patterns that do not follow Mendelian principles.
  15. 24. Expression of both alleles for the same trait in their whole and at the same time in heterozygous individuals.
  16. 26. A set of alleles that are inherited together from closely related gene loci.
  17. 30. Two or more alleles.
  18. 33. The direct uptake and integration of external genetic material from its surroundings across the cell membrane causes a genetic change in a cell.
  19. 35. Occurence of only one allele in a trait, as in X-linkage.