Genetics Vocab

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Across
  1. 2. Determined that the shape of DNA is a double helix that looks like a twisted ladder
  2. 8. Single stranded nucleic acid; contains the sugar ribose and uracil instead of thymine.
  3. 9. Discovered the base pairing rule known as Chargaff's Rule
  4. 10. Principle that states that the dominant allele will mask the recessive allele
  5. 19. Are chromosomes pairs that are the same length and have the same locations for genes
  6. 21. Principle that states the bonds in DNA only form between Adenine and Thymine, and between Guanine and Cytosine.
  7. 23. Long chain of repeating amino acids that makes up a protein
  8. 25. Process in which an RNA molecule is made from DNA; occurs in the nucleus
  9. 27. Father of Genetics
  10. 28. Both alleles are expressed equally
  11. 29. Involves passing traits from parent to offspring
  12. 31. Unit of heredity
  13. 33. Diagram that shows the biological relationship between an organism and its ancestors
  14. 34. Version of a gene that will mask the recessive; represented by a capital letter (TT or Tt)
  15. 35. Carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis that matches up with the correct codon
  16. 38. Zygote that lacks a chromosome
  17. 39. Actual pair of genes that an organism has; the genetic makeup represented with letters (TT, Tt, tt)
  18. 40. Both alleles influence trait and produce a blended (mixed) trait
  19. 41. Change in one nucleotide; deletion, insertion or substitution of ONE base
  20. 47. Involve two chromosomes that aren't homologous. One part breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
  21. 48. 3 or more alleles of the same gene act together
  22. 50. Different versions of a gene
  23. 51. Used to determine if different traits of an organism were inherited independently
  24. 52. The gene pair are the same alleles (TT or tt)
  25. 53. Makes up the ribosomes
  26. 55. Characteristics that genes in DNA code for; examples: Seed Shape - wrinkled or round, Plant Height - tall or short
  27. 56. Changes in a single gene
  28. 57. Carries the instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Down
  1. 1. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
  2. 3. Used technique called X-Ray Diffraction
  3. 4. Base is inserted or deleted and the codons shift to make up for the loss; changes the reading frame
  4. 5. The process of copying DNA before cell division
  5. 6. Principle that states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
  6. 7. Process in which mRNA is converted into a sequences of amino acids to form a protein; occurs in the cytoplasm
  7. 11. Diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a breeding experiment (probable outcome of the genetic cross)
  8. 12. The gene pair are different alleles (Tt)
  9. 13. Used to predict genetic inheritance in offspring
  10. 14. Changing in structure or the number of a chromosome
  11. 15. Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
  12. 16. Found on tRNA; it bonds to the complementary coding of the codon
  13. 17. The study of heredity
  14. 18. Carries the genetic information in living cells that are carried by the codons and anticodons of DNA and RNA
  15. 20. Occurs when a gene sequence is repeated-results in an extra copy
  16. 22. Used to observe how offspring will differ in respects to a particular gene
  17. 24. Principle that states that alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation
  18. 26. A piece of a chromosome is flipped
  19. 30. Double stranded; called the blueprint of life; contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell
  20. 32. Unit of heredity
  21. 36. Version of a gene that requires two to be seen in a phenotype; represented with a lowercase letter (tt)
  22. 37. DNA is transferred to RNA then to protein
  23. 42. Consist of 3 parts - sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base
  24. 43. A piece of a chromosome is left out/deleted
  25. 44. Different versions of a gene; can be dominant or recessive
  26. 45. Physical appearance that results from gene expression into a protein; examples: Tall or short
  27. 46. Something that causes a mutation; chemicals, UV Light, Radiation
  28. 49. Zygote that has an extra chromosome
  29. 54. Every three bases on mRNA