Genetics Vocabulary

6. one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
7. derived genetically from one's parents or ancestors
9. threadlike structures of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
10. having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
12. having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes
14. the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
15. refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene; If the alleles of a gene are different, this is the one that will be expressed
16. the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
17. A trait that is not inherited; one resulting from the effects of the environment
19. the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
20. a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material
21. a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

1. traits that are passed from parent to offspring according to the rules of Mendelian genetics and can be genetically determined
2. when a dominant allele, or form of a gene, does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele, and the organism's resulting physical appearance shows a blending of both alleles
3. square diagrams that are used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment
4. offspring that carries two different alleles of the same gene; heterozygous
5. discovered the basic principles of heredity and laid the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics
8. a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses
11. the genetic constitution of an individual organism
13. offspring that carries the same phenotype as the parents; homozygous
18. refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene; this is the one that will be hidden