Gentic Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. All the genetic material in the chromosomes of a particular organism; its size is generally given as its total number of base pairs.
  2. 4. Alternative forms of a genetic locus; a single allele for each locus is inherited separately from each parent (e.g., at a locus for eye colour the allele might result in blue or brown eyes).
  3. 6. Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and hence protein function are determined by the genetic code.
  4. 7. Two cells having been fertilized at the same time (often resulting in twins.)
  5. 11. The process by which a genes coded information is converted into the structures present and operating in the cell. Expressed genes include those that are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein and those that are transcribed into RNA but not translated into protein (e.g., transfer and ribosomal RNAs).
  6. 12. Research and technology development efforts aimed at mapping and sequencing some or all of the genome of human beings and other organisms.
  7. 13. relationship to each other can be established by physical mapping. Compare genomic library, arrayed library.
  8. 15. The process of asexually producing a group of cells (clones), all genetically identical, from a single ancestor. In recombinant DNA technology, the use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA is referred to as cloning DNA
  9. 17. The study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits.
  10. 18. An unordered collection of clones (i.e., cloned DNA from a particular organism),
  11. 19. The proximity of two or more markers (e.g., genes, RFLP markers) on a chromosome; the closer together the markers are, the lower the probability that they will be separated during DNA repair or replication processes (binary fission in prokaryotes, mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotes), and hence the greater the probability that they will be inherited together.
Down
  1. 1. Groups of closely related genes that make similar products.
  2. 2. Mature male or female reproductive cell (sperm or ovum) with a haploid set of chromosomes (23 for humans).
  3. 3. A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair G-C (guanine and cytosine).
  4. 5. A map of the relative positions of genetic loci on a chromosome, determined on the basis of how often the loci are inherited together. Distance is measured in centimorgans (cM).
  5. 8. A group of cells derived from a single ancestor.
  6. 9. A full set of genetic material, consisting of paired chromosomes one chromosome from each parental set. Most animal cells except the gametes have a diploid set of chromosomes. The diploid human genome has 46 chromosomes.
  7. 10. The molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides. The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides. The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In nature, base pairs form only between A and T and between G and C; thus the base sequence of each single strand can be deduced from that of its partner.
  8. 11. A collection of clones made from a set of randomly generated overlapping DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism. Compare library, arrayed library.
  9. 14. A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair A-T.
  10. 16. The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. A gene is an ordered sequence of nucleotides located in a particular position on a particular chromoso.me that encodes a specific functional product (i.e., a protein or RNA molecule).