Geography Final Review- 2025

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Across
  1. 2. Prime ____: 0° longitude
  2. 3. A place where magma forces its way through the crust of the Earth and emerges as lava
  3. 6. The long-term average of weather conditions in a region; data is typically gathered for 30+ years
  4. 8. One of four divisions in the year based on the tilt of the Earth’s axis; when the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it is summer; when the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it is winter
  5. 9. an economic system in which the government regulates or owns a large part of the economy
  6. 11. A form of socialist system in which the government owns almost everything and attempts (or claims to attempt) to eliminate social classes
  7. 12. large areas of flat land
  8. 13. ____ River: the longest river in the world; found in Africa
  9. 14. the day that begins summer or winter; the summer one is the day with the most daylight of the year, the winter has the least; caused by the hemisphere pointing towards or away from the sun
  10. 16. A body of saltwater that is smaller than an ocean; it is partly surrounded by land; seas have a 2-way flow of water in and out of an ocean (can be connected directly to the ocean or to other seas)
  11. 17. ____ America: A continent mostly dominated by three very large countries (USA, Canada, and Mexico), but also containing multiple smaller countries
  12. 21. A region made up of Australia (its largest landmass) and many Pacific islands
  13. 24. A continent whose countries tend to be fairly wealthy compared to the rest of the world; its cultures (including languages) spread through much of the rest of the world due to colonization
  14. 25. The process by which colonies gain independence
  15. 29. Map ____: the methods by which the spherical Earth is made into a flat map; this always results in some distortion- no flat maps are perfect
  16. 31. The study of the Earth’s physical and cultural features
  17. 33. the largest continent by both land area and population; shares a large land border with Europe
  18. 35. Mountain ____: a string of mountains connected by high ground; famous examples include the Alps in Europe, the Andes in South America, the Himalayas in Asia, and the Rockies in North America
  19. 39. The continent around the South Pole, characterized by extreme cold and ice
  20. 40. Imaginary horizontal lines that measure the distance from the equator in degrees north or south
  21. 44. Imaginary lines that run from the North to South Poles that measure the distance from the Prime Meridian in degrees east or west
  22. 45. an Eastern polytheistic religion that began in ancient India
  23. 47. ____ government: A government in which the citizens of a country hold free and fair elections to vote for officials or directly for laws
  24. 49. A very large raised flatland; we live on the Allegheny Plateau
  25. 50. The largest landmasses on Earth; typically contain multiple countries; geographers don’t all agree on how many continents there are, but most say 7
  26. 53. ____ Climate: Climate zone that receives less than 30 cm of liquid precipitation per year; the most famous feature of this climate zone is the presence of deserts
  27. 54. ____ America: A continent largely colonized by the Spanish and Portuguese; has a wide variety of physical geographic features including the Amazon River and Rainforest, the Atacama Desert, and the Andes Mountains
  28. 55. land surrounded on all sides by water; smaller than continents (no definite size limit)
  29. 56. An Abrahamic religion based on belief in Jesus and his teachings
Down
  1. 1. Language ____: A group of languages that share a common ancestor language
  2. 4. an economic system in which the government has very little to no control over the economy
  3. 5. the wealth and resources of a country or region
  4. 7. the wearing away of land by wind, water, or ice; this can create many landforms, like lakes, canyons, and rock formations
  5. 10. The days that start spring and autumn, when the lengths of both day and night are 12 hours
  6. 11. The establishment of control over foreign territories; colonies were usually used for settlement or for extracting resources
  7. 15. Ring of ____: A region around the Pacific Ocean around which many volcanoes are found
  8. 18. ____ geography: the study of people’s cultures and societies
  9. 19. Land surrounded by water on 3 sides and connected to a larger landmass on the 4th
  10. 20. 0° latitude
  11. 22. ____ Lakes: A set of large interconnected lakes in North America
  12. 23. William ____: The colonial founder of Pennsylvania
  13. 26. ____ government: a government in which power is concentrated in the hands of one person or a small group
  14. 27. the capital city of Pennsylvania
  15. 28. ____ Climate Zone: Climate zone found between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer; generally hot all year around, with high humidity for at least half of the year
  16. 29. ____ geography: the study of the Earth’s natural features
  17. 30. An Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Muhammad
  18. 32. Huge body of saltwater; geographers disagree on how many are on Earth, most say 4 or 5; all oceans are interconnected with one another
  19. 34. A continent known for its extremely diverse cultures; it was almost entirely colonized by Europeans and used for extracting resources
  20. 36. Extremely large hills; usually formed by the collision of tectonic plates, but some are formed by other processes (ex: volcanoes)
  21. 37. A region of Canada with many French speakers
  22. 38. Map ____: a section on a map that shows what the symbols on the map mean
  23. 41. Mid-____: The region of the United States that Pennsylvania is located in
  24. 42. Per ____ GDP: The total GDP of a country divided by the number of people in that country; can provide a basic idea of how wealthy the average citizen is in a country
  25. 43. Gross domestic product; the total value of all final goods and work done within a country; can be an indicator of the total wealth of a country
  26. 44. A large body of water that is surrounded by land on all sides and doesn’t have 2-way flow with an ocean; usually freshwater, but can be saltwater or brackish (semi-salty); some lakes are called seas, but aren’t
  27. 46. The short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area
  28. 48. an Eastern religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
  29. 51. Plate ____: A scientific theory that the Earth’s crust is broken into multiple pieces (plates) that float and move on a layer of magma underneath; the movement at the edges of the plates causes most volcanoes and earthquakes
  30. 52. ____ Climate: A climate zone found through much of the world inhabited by humans, characterized by relatively moderate temperatures and distinct seasons