Glacier & Sea Ice

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Across
  1. 2. Ice that is anchored to the shore or ocean bottom, typically over shallow ocean shelves at continental margins
  2. 6. Small needle-like ice crystals, typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter, suspended in water, that represent the first stages of sea ice growth
  3. 7. A thin sheet of smooth, level ice less than 10 centimeters (4 inches) thick
  4. 10. The floating terminus of a glacier, typically formed when a terrestrial glacier flow into a deep water basin, such as in Antarctica and the Canadian Arctic
  5. 12. A glacier that flows for all or most of its length within the walls of a mountain valley
  6. 18. Irregularly shaped areas of persistent open water that are sustained by winds or ocean heat
  7. 19. Ice that is not attached to the shoreline and drifts in response to winds, currents, and other forces
  8. 20. A polynya that forms from strong winds in a persistent direction that push the ice away from a barrier (the coast, fast ice, a grounded iceberg, or an ice shelf)
  9. 21. Small droplets of highly saline water that form in pockets between ice crystals, as sea ice forms and expels salt into the underlying ocean water
  10. 24. A thick, subcontinental to continental-scale accumulation of glacier ice and perennial snow that spreads from a center of accumulation, typically in all directions
Down
  1. 1. A polynya that forms from the upwelling of warm (above-freezing) ocean water from lower depths
  2. 3. Cohesive sheet of ice floating in the water
  3. 4. Ice that moves from winds, currents, or other forces
  4. 5. A very thin, soupy layer of frazil crystals clumped together, which makes the ocean surface resemble an oil slick
  5. 8. Ice that has survived at least one melt season; it is typically 2 to 4 meters thick and thickens as more ice grows on its underside
  6. 9. A dome-shaped accumulation of glacier ice and perennial snow that completely covers a mountainous area or island, so that no peaks or Nunataks poke through
  7. 11. A continuous accumulation of snow and glacier ice that completely fills a mountain basin or covers a low-relief mountain plateau to a substantial depth
  8. 13. A large, perennial accumulation of ice, snow, rock, sediment and liquid water originating on land and moving down slope under the influence of its own weight and gravity; a dynamic river of ice
  9. 14. Pools of melted snow and ice on the sea ice surface created during the summer melt
  10. 15. A block of ice that has broken or calved from the face of a glacier and is floating in a body of marine of fresh water
  11. 16. The process by which pieces of ice break away from the terminus of a glacier that ends in a body of water or from the edge of a floating ice shelf that ends in the ocean
  12. 17. The part of a ridge below the ocean surface
  13. 19. Pieces of new ice approximately circular, up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) thick and 0.03 to 3 meters (0.1 to 9.8 feet) in diameter, with raised edges that form from rubbing against each other
  14. 22. Piled ice formed when wind, ocean currents, and other forces push sea ice around into piles that rise and form small mountains above the level sea ice surface
  15. 23. Long, linear areas of open water that range from a few meters to over a kilometer in width, and tens of kilometers long