Grade 8, Chapter 10

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Across
  1. 2. the automatic adjustment in focal length of the lens of the eye; the act of providing something (lodging or seat or food) to meet a need; living quarters provided for public convenience
  2. 8. a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something; an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
  3. 10. someone who is sought by law officers; someone trying to elude justice; someone who flees from an uncongenial situation
  4. 11. information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
  5. 12. American orator and politician who practiced prominently as a lawyer before the U.S. Supreme Court and served as a U.S. congressman, a U.S. senator, and U.S. secretary of state. He is best known as an enthusiastic nationalist and as an advocate of business interests during the period of the Jacksonian agrarianism.
  6. 14. withdraw from an organization or communion
  7. 16. a controversial political doctrine according to which the people of federal territories should decide for themselves whether their territories would enter the Union as free or slave states.
  8. 17. American writer and philanthropist, the author of the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which contributed so much to popular feeling against slavery that it is cited among the causes of the American Civil War.
  9. 18. American politician, leader of the Democratic Party, and orator who espoused the cause of popular sovereignty in relation to the issue of slavery in the territories before the American Civil War (1861–65). He was reelected senator from Illinois in 1858 after a series of eloquent debates with the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, who defeated him in the presidential race two years later.
  10. 22. American political leader who was a congressman, the secretary of war, the seventh vice president (1825–32), a senator, and the secretary of state of the United States. He championed states’ rights and slavery and was a symbol of the Old South.
Down
  1. 1. militant American abolitionist whose raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in 1859 made him a martyr to the antislavery cause and was instrumental in heightening sectional animosities that led to the American Civil War.
  2. 3. also called War Between the States, four-year war (1861–65) between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America.
  3. 4. a close affectionate and protective acceptance; the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection); the state of taking in or encircling; verb squeeze (someone) tightly in your arms, usually with fondness; include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory; take up the cause, ideology, practice, method, of someone and use it as one's own
  4. 5. manifesting or characteristic of life; performing an essential function in the living body; full of spirit; urgently needed; absolutely necessary
  5. 6. take away; keep from having, keeping, or obtaining; take away possessions from someone
  6. 7. make clear by removing impurities or solids, as by heating; make clear and (more) comprehensible
  7. 9. fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, remembered principally for the Dred Scott decision (1857). He was the first Roman Catholic to serve on the Supreme Court.
  8. 13. compel to behave in a certain way
  9. 15. place or set apart; obtain in pure form; separate (experiences) from the emotions relating to them; set apart from others
  10. 19. The Great Pacificator or The Great Compromiser, American statesman, U.S. congressman and U.S. senator who was noted for his American System and was a major promoter of the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, both efforts to shield the American union from sectional discord over slavery. He was an unsuccessful candidate for president in three general elections.
  11. 20. African American slave at the centre of the U.S. Supreme Court’s pivotal decision of 1857. The ruling rejected his plea for emancipation—which he based on his temporary residence in a free state and territory, in which slavery was prohibited—and struck down the Missouri Compromise (1820), thereby making slavery legal in all U.S. territories.
  12. 21. 16th president of the United States who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of enslaved people in the United States.