Grant Ridgway Genetics and Heredity

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Across
  1. 4. The chromosomal pair which contains the maternal as well as the paternal chromatid of the same length and gene position, and are joined by the centromere
  2. 8. genetic material that tells your body how to make proteins.
  3. 9. a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.
  4. 10. certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
  5. 11. a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
  6. 13. any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
  7. 14. ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
  8. 16. a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
  9. 17. a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
  10. 19. having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
  11. 20. the action or process of transcribing something.
Down
  1. 1. one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
  2. 2. the process of moving something from one place to another.
  3. 3. most important, powerful, or influential.
  4. 5. relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
  5. 6. the process in which cells make proteins.
  6. 7. initiates at specific points, called origins, where the DNA double helix is unwound. A short segment of RNA, called a primer, is then synthesized and acts as a starting point for new DNA synthesis. An enzyme called DNA polymerase next begins replicating the DNA by matching bases to the original strand.
  7. 12. having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
  8. 15. a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
  9. 18. a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.