Groups

3. Group discussion causes the initial preferences of group members to become more extreme
5. Members of a group are organized by norms (rules of conduct) and roles (expectations of how members in different positions ought to behave)
6. Decreases in individual effort when contributions are pooled across group members
7. Knowledge that is located within the minds of individuals and spreads through communication
11. In this theory, the presence of others is distracting: conflict about where to pay attention increases arousal
13. The first social psychologist; he conducted the first scientific study in social psychology

1. In this theory, awareness of being evaluated by others causes arousal
2. Members of a group rely on each other to reach shared goals
4. Members perceive themselves to be part of a group
8. The presence of others improves performance on easy tasks, but hinders performance on difficult tasks
9. When people lose their sense of individual identity, they become less inhibited and behave in ways inconsistent with their values
10. Occurs when social pressures to reach consensus interfere with the group's ability to make accurate decisions
12. A set of individuals who influence each other and share an identity, fate, or goal